What is a gas? What is plasma? Wednesday, 9/6/17 Day 2 Science Starters Sheet Agenda Science notebook 1. Please have these Items on your desk. 2- Fill out your Agenda. Science Starter: What is a gas? What is plasma? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCL8zqjXbME

Science Fair due on Friday Problem statement-Directions found in reference section of your notebook. Prior research- Start the bibliography on (citationmachine or easybib) when you do your research.

Problem: What effect does different moisturizers have on skin, represented by Jello?

Is a denser fruit healthier? Problem

Prior research Dry skin in Arizona is not unusual with the intense desert heat. Severely cracked skin can lead to health problems and deeply dehydrated skin. The experiment that involves using jello as a skin representative and testing different moisturizers would help people struggling with dry skin problems. Knowing which moisturizers are most effective will be a drastic stepping stool to battling the Arizona heat effects on skin. Different ingredients specialize in different hydrating methods. This experiment will prove the helpfulness of ingredients and the best hydrator of the moisturizers tested. The purpose of testing these moisturizers is to have data that shows which of the hydrators is the most efficient. The independent variable in this experiment is the different moisturizers that will be tested. The dependent variable is the water evaporation, which will be found by weighing and measuring the height of the Jello for changing levels. This experiment’s data will show which moisturizer is the better hydrator. The data will also show which moisturizer is not effective and can later prove which ingredients aren’t as well. The ingredients that helped find the different moisturizers were identified by a number of sources. Good moisturizers are usually made up by fatty acids, polyols, glycerin, glycols and etc. Some key ingredients are hyaluronic acid and sodium PCA. One absorbs water and the other binds water to the skin (www.everydayhealth.com). It was learned from Laura Williams on her website, www.sheknows.com, that vitamins A, C, and E are also very good moisturizers that can be found in food. Other than knowing the important ingredients in moisturizers, it is also important to understand the basics on skin. Skin controls the loss of body fluids like blood and is a protective barrier to keep substances out of the body. It is important to take care of skin for these reasons. (Sutton, 2006, Pg.4). These sources all show that this experiment will be a good step to understanding more about moisturizer’s ingredients and how to protect the much needed organ called skin.

Prior Research Nutrition is a vital part of health and development. “Whole foods are obviously a much healthier choice, although there are different grades of nutritional value between fruits and vegetables.” (http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/nutrition/en/) Fruits and vegetables are sources of many vitamins, minerals and other natural substances that may help protect you from chronic diseases. (http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/fruitsvegetables/nutrient-info.html) “Just like the good ole saying goes, “an apple a day keeps the doctor away”, but we simply cannot live on apples alone.” (http://www.education.com/print/does-density-indicate-nutrition/) Apples provide much of the required fiber and vitamin C, but they do not provide the correct amount of essential nutrients. For example, potatoes supply a greater amount of carbohydrates and calories, but they contain only a portion of dietary fiber that is found in an apple. While potatoes make you feel full and provide energy, they do not offer a sufficient amount of other nutrients. “The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005 recommend the consumption of a variety of “nutrient-dense” foods and beverages within and among the basic food groups.” (http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCoQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.nestle.com%2Fresources%2Fdownloads%2FDocuments%2FFN_Nutrient%2520density.pdf&ei=0iavVKiGM4KggwSC5IKYDw&usg=AFQjCNHltynwqHlG4Awd3z77dehI525jYw)

Prior Research (continued) Nutrient density is the measure of the nutrients per calorie provided by the fruit or vegetable. “Nutrient-dense food choices, therefore, provide a high proportion of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants relative to calories, helping to cover all nutritional requirements without encouraging weight gain. These foods are the opposite of so-called ‘empty-calorie’ or ‘junk’ foods.” (http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&ved=0CCoQFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.nestle.com%2Fresources%2Fdownloads%2FDocuments%2FFN_Nutrient%2520density.pdf&ei=0iavVKiGM4KggwSC5IKYDw&usg=AFQjCNHltynwqHlG4Awd3z77dehI525jYw) “A healthy diet provides all of the nutrients your body needs without excessive calories.” (http://healthyeating.sfgte.com/ten-everyone-should-nutrition-3587.html) So, which produce provides the most nutrients, a fruit or vegetable? The goal of this project is to determine if there is a relationship between the density and nutritional value of various fruits and vegetables. The variable to be tested and changed is whether the density increases or decreases the nutritional value. Any changes will be noted by mass and volume. The research will show that the density can affect the nutrients found in the independent variable.