Reading Logs Monday: What are the 4 major components of blood and their functions? Pg. 340-347 Tuesday: What is hematopoiesis and what triggers it? Pg 347-348 PROGRESS REPORTS WILL BE FINALIZED THURSDAY! CHECK YOUR GRADES

Bellwork Erythrocyte Leukemia Leukocyte Thrombus Thrombocyte Using your word parts (and only your word parts!), define the following terms. Erythrocyte Leukemia Leukocyte Thrombus Thrombocyte Polycythemia Leukopenia Hematopoiesis Thrombocytopenia Hemocytoblast

HEMATOLOGY * STUDY OF BLOOD & ITS DISORDERS http://www.fazaclo.com/Images/red_white_blood_cells.jpg

FUNCTIONS OF BLOOD Transportation: a. gases (O2, CO2) b. nutrients(glucose) c. wastes (ammonia) Regulation: a. pH b. body temp Protection: a. clotting (platelets) b. defense (WBC)

Physical Characteristics of Blood 1. Color: scarlet red (O2 )  dull red (O2 ) 2. pH: 7.35–7.45 3. Blood volume: ~ 5 liters 4. Connective Tissue

Label the Parts of a Blood Sample High School pg 341 College pg 654 Plasma Formed Elements Buffy Coat Hematocrit

Composition of Blood PLASMA = Liquid part (55%) (90%) (7%) 1. Most abundant solutes in plasma 2. Produced by the LIVER (except antibodies) Figure 10.1 (1 of 2)

Composition of Blood (II) FORMED ELEMENTS (45%) 1. “Leukocytes” = White blood cells (WBCs) 2. “Thrombocytes” --Platelets 3. “Erythrocytes” = Red blood cells (RBCs) => 45% Buffy coat < 1 % Figure 10.1 (2 of 2)

Photomicrograph of a Blood Smear Figure 10.2

ERYTHROCYTE STRUCTURE SPERICAL or BI-CONCAVE DISK ANUCLEATED (NO NUCLEUS) – cannot reproduce Elastic and Flexible – to pass through narrow capillaries Hemoglobin- transport O2 and CO2 Gives blood its red color Live about 120 days

Leukocytes For each of the five groups of leukocytes, put the percentage of the total white blood cell count that they comprise. Neutrophil Eosinophil Basophil Lymphocyte Monocyte High School 346 College 653 Then order then from most abundant to least abundant.

Leukocytes Granulocytes Agranulocytes Contain granules Lack granules Neutrophils Lymphocytes Eosinophils Monocytes Basophils

Leukocytes Phagocitize (engulf) small particles, specific to bacteria and fungi Increase during acute bacterial infections (meningitis, appendicitis, etc.) 1. Neutrophil (50 – 70%)

Leukocytes Can you identify this parasite? 2. Eosinophil (2 – 4%) Respond to parasitic worms, reside in loose connective tissues where worms are prone to enter the body Complex roles in allergy and asthma Can you identify this parasite?

Leukocytes 3. Basophil (0.5 – 1%) Migrate to injury site, accumulate in damaged tissue Histamine (dilates blood vessels and attracts other WBCs)

Leukocytes Largest Leukocyte phagocytizes large particles Fight chronic infections Move into body tissues  Become Macrophages 4. Monocyte (3 – 8%)

Leukocytes 5. Lymphocyte (25 – 45%) provides SPECIFIC immunity Housed in Lymphatic Tissues

Leukocytes Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Thrombocytes (Platelets) Cell fragment lack a nuclei live for 10 days formed in red bone marrow half the size of rbc Control blood loss from broken blood vessels

Review your words from the start of class… What do you think the effects would be in someone with: Leukopenia? Thrombocytopenia?

Hematopoiesis Read and take notes: What is hematopoiesis and how is the process regulated? Hint: Explain the Homeostatic Pathway associated with this process High School: pg 347 – 349 College: pg 661 - 663

Hematopoiesis = blood cell formation Red Bone Marrow (myeloid tissue): 1. sternum 2. ribs 3. pelvis 4. ends of humerus & femur Lymph Nodes & Thymus Figure 10.4

Control of Erythrocyte Production Rate controlled by a hormone = ERYTHROPOIETIN KIDNEYS produce erythropoietin as a response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood Reduced O2 levels in blood Stimulus: Decreased RBC count, decreased availability of O2 to blood, or increased tissue demands for O2 Increased O2- carrying ability of blood Erythropoietin stimulates Kidney releases erythropoietin Enhanced erythropoiesis Red bone marrow More RBCs Normal blood oxygen levels Imbalance Figure 10.5