Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites Amanda Lenhart | Pew Research Center Youth Working Group June 5, 2012 Image used under creative commons – photo titled “Hoooii by Sanne” by lightsmash aka Mahdi Abdulrazak, available on flickr at http://www.flickr.com/photos/lightmash/3839986975/in/set-72157622057999892 All source information for charts appear in the notes section for each slide. Data in this report is mostly from the November 2011 report Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Network Sites, but some of the mobile phone data is from the 2010 Teens and Mobile Phones report.

Pew + Internet = Part of the Pew Research Center, a non-partisan “fact tank” in DC Studies how people use digital technologies Does not promote specific technologies or make policy recommendations Research is primarily based on nationally representative telephone surveys

Road Map Background on teen tech use Teens’ experiences and behaviors online and on social network sites Positives Bullying Sexting Who (or what) influences teens’ attitudes, expectations and behaviors online? Context around teen internet and social media use Teen privacy choices Parent moderation and mediation School technology climate Images used via Creative Commons. Image titled “map of Richmond, Virgina” posted by john.murden to flickr. Accessed on 6/1/12 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/murden/3338914480/ 12/9/2017

How teens are using technology 12/9/2017

  Source: The Pew Research Center Internet & American Life Project Teen & Parent surveys. Methodological information for each survey is available from http://pewinternet.org/Data-Tools/Download-Data/Data-Sets.aspx?topicFilter=aff4e2b2-7c23-4fdc-9ca6-fcf6815efd56 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, April 19 – July 14, 2011 Teen Survey. n=799 teens 12-17 and a parent or guardian. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish, by landline and cell phone, and included an oversample of minority families. 12/9/2017

Digging down to differences Internet use Latino youth slightly less likely than whites to use the internet (88% vs.. 97%) Youth from low income/low SES environments slightly more likely to go online less frequently more likely to say that they use the internet 1-2 days a week or less often. Computer ownership No racial or ethnic differences Low education households – where parents have a HS diploma or less, are substantially less likely to have youth who say they “own” a computer. (65% vs.. 80%) Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. n=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Note:. indicates statistically significant difference between rows Note: * indicates statistically significant difference between rows. **indicates a data point that is significant with regards to all other data points in the row section. Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project Teen/Parent Survey, April 19 – July 14, 2011. n=799 teens ages 12-17 and a parent or guardian. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish, on landlines and cell phones. 12/9/2017

Smartphone ownership 23% of all teens have a smartphone; as do one third of mobile phone owners Age is most important in determining cell or smartphone ownership Once cell ownership hurdle is crossed, no differences in smartphone ownership by race, income. Is it a smartphone? Latino youth less certain that their phone is a smartphone (24% not sure, vs.. 10% of whites). Image used under creative commons: photo titled “Press send.” by Sadie Hernandez. Available on flickr at Http://www.flickr.com/photos/sadiediane/4243010782/ Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. n=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project, April 19 – July 14, 2011 Teen Survey. n=799 teens 12-17 and a parent or guardian. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish, by landline and cell phone. *indicate a data point that is significant with regards to all the other data points in the same row. ** indicates a data point that is significantly different from only the data point marked with † in the same row. 12/9/2017

Parents of smart phone users no more likely to use parental controls Overall 34% of parents of teen cell owners use parental controls on child’s mobile phone 28% of parents of smartphone owners 37% of parents of regular phone owners 54% of parents use parental controls on the computer 41% of parents use one type of parental control 17% say they use parental controls on mobile and computer 41% of parents say they do not use parental controls at all 12/9/2017

Location-based services Standalone applications like Foursquare or location features on platforms like Facebook and Twitter 6% of all American teens have used a location-based service to check in or note their location on their cell phones. 8% of cell owners 18% of smartphone owners Older teens (14-17) use them more than younger (9% vs. 1%) No differences in use by gender, race or SES 12/9/2017

Video 27% of teens record and upload video Boys and girls equally likely to do so (in 2006 boys were more likely) Social media users more likely to shoot and share video No differences by race, ethnicity or SES 13% of teens stream video live to the internet Broadband users and social media users more likely 37% of teens use video chat Girls chat more White youth chat more than Latino Youth Higher SES youth more likely to chat Social media users chat more Image titled “Ready.Set.Action” taken by -Jeffrey- used under creative commons. Downloaded from Flickr on 5.18/12 http://www.flickr.com/photos/jb912/6193307229/

Source: The Pew Research Center Internet & American Life Project Teen & Parent surveys. Methodological information for each survey is available from http://pewinternet.org/Data-Tools/Download-Data/Data-Sets.aspx?topicFilter=aff4e2b2-7c23-4fdc-9ca6-fcf6815efd56 12/9/2017

Differences in Social Media Use Twitter shows big differences 34% of online African-American teens use Twitter 11% of online white teens use Twitter 13% of online Latino teens use Twitter Lower income teens (under 30K hhd inc) more likely to use than higher income teens. Girls more than boys – youngest boys 12-13 are laggards Social network site use more broadly adopted Lowest income teens use SNS more than highest income teens Girls more than boys Older teens more than younger teens 12/9/2017

95% of teens use the internet 80% of online teens use SNS * indicates a statistically significant difference between bars. Source: Teen data is from the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens 12-17 and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Data for adults is from Pew Internet’s August Tracking survey, July 25-August 26, 2011. Nationally representative, n=2260 adults 18+, includes cellphone & Spanish language interviews. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens 12-17 and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

How younger and older teens use social media 95% of teens use the internet 80% of online teens use SNS * indicates a statistically significant difference between bars. Source: Teen data is from the Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens 12-17 and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Data for adults is from Pew Internet’s August Tracking survey, July 25-August 26, 2011. Nationally representative, n=2260 adults 18+, includes cellphone & Spanish language interviews. 12/9/2017

Social and emotional experiences on social media 12/9/2017

Note: The question wording for adults was “Overall, in your experience, are people mostly kind or mostly unkind to one another on social networking sites?” * indicates a statistically significant difference between bars. Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Project Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Data for adults is from Pew Internet’s August Tracking survey, July 25-August 26, 2011. Nationally representative, n=2260 adults 18+, includes cell phone & Spanish language interviews. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

* indicates a statistically significant difference between bars. Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. n=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Adult data from Pew Internet’s August 2011 Tracking survey with adults 18+, July 25-August 26, 2011. n=2260 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. n=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Adult data from Pew Internet’s August 2011 Tracking survey with adults 18+, July 25-August 26, 2011. n=2260. There are no statistically significant differences reflected in this chart. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 26-July 14, 2011. n=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Who is most likely to be bullied? In-person Online, texting or phone call Younger teens (12-13) are more likely than older teens to say they have experienced in-person bullying over the last year: 17% vs.. 10% Girls are more likely than boys to experience bullying in every mediated context: Online - 12% vs.. 4% Text - 13% vs.. 5% Phone call - 11% vs.. 4% Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 26-July 14, 2011. n=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Sexting 2009 2011 4% of teens 12 to 17 have sent 15% of 12-17 year olds with cell phones have received No gender or age differences in sending Older teens more likely to receive 2% of teens 12-17 have sent 18% of 12-17 yos with cell phones have received No gender or age differences in sending Older teens more likely to receive (21% of 16-17yos vs.. 6% of 12-13 yos) 12/9/2017

Influence and Advice 12/9/2017

12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Context of teen social media use 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. n=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Adult data from Pew Internet’s August 2011 Tracking survey with adults 18+, July 25-August 26, 2011. n=2260. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. Note: * indicates statistically significant difference between bars. Also note -- the phrasing in the chart reflects the wording asked of teens. The questions asked of parents did not include references to cell phones, but were otherwise identical. 12/9/2017

80% of parents who use social media and who also have a 80% of parents who use social media and who also have a child who uses SM have friended their child. 77% of parents of online teens have checked to see what websites their child visited, up from 65% of parents who did this in 2006. 66% of parents have checked to see what information was available online about their child. 54% of parents of online teens report using parental controls or other means of blocking, filtering, or monitoring their child’s online activities. 34% of parents say they have used parental controls to restrict their child’s use of a cell phone. Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

Parental Concern 47% 34% 81% 9% 19% 45% 35% 80% 10% 31% 33% 63% 20%   Very concerned Somewhat concerned Total citing concerns about negative impact Not too concerned Not at all concerned Total saying they have little/no concern Your child’s exposure to inappropriate content through the internet or cell phones 47% 34% 81% 9% 19% How teens in general treat each other online or on their cell phones 45% 35% 80% 10% Your child’s internet or cell phone use taking time away from face-to-face interactions with friends or family 31% 33% 63% 20% 16% 36% Source: The Pew Research Center's Internet & American Life Teen-Parent survey, April 19-July 14, 2011. N=799 for teens and parents, including oversample of minority families. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish. 12/9/2017

School-based use of mobile phones 12/9/2017

From Teens and Mobile Phones report (2010) http://pewinternet 12/9/2017

Source: Teens and Mobile Phones Report: http://pewinternet 12/9/2017

Source: Teens and Mobile Phones Report: http://pewinternet 12/9/2017

Themes Importance of mobile Social network sites are generally a good place… …though for a small subset of kids, it is remarkably negative Importance of parents But it also takes a “village” - Positive bystander behavior is happening – but so is joining in Digital citizenship Photo illustration by MrSkyce “Nyintendo and Yang” used under creative commons – accessed from http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrskyce/4252452376/ on 11.04.11 Digital citizenship – move away from piecemeal safety interventions into holistic education of how to be a good person online. Skills to navigate … 12/9/2017

Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project Amanda Lenhart Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project http://www.pewinternet.org @amanda_lenhart Photo by arcticpenguin – downloaded from flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/arcticpenguin/3764758138/sizes/l/in/photostream/ Used under creative commons Report that contain the data presented in this talk: Teens, Kindness and Cruelty on Social Media Sites http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2011/Teens-and-social-media.aspx Teens, Smartphones and Texting http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Teens-and-smartphones.aspx Teens and Online Video http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Teens-and-online-video.aspx Methodology for research presented in this talk: 800 teens ages 12 to 17 and a parent or guardian were contacted by landline or cellular telephone in a nationally representative rdd survey conducted from June to September 2009. 9 focus groups in four cities with middle and high school aged teens (ages 12-18) conducted in June and October 2009 Joint project of the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project and the University of Michigan. Data from adult surveys from Sept 2009 & January 2010 More detail on methods at http://www.pewinternet.org photo by arcticpenguin 12/9/2017