Body Composition Smojver

Do Now Write down anything that comes to mind when you think of body composition What do you think are some criteria for a positive body composition? If you went to the doctor today and they told you that you needed to lower your body composition, what 3 realistic changes could you make?

Somatotype Your body type 3 different Somatotypes: Ectomorph Endomorph Mesomorph

Ectomorph Lean, slender body type Gaining weight is a little more difficult

Mesomorph A muscular somatotype

Endomorph Rounder, heavier body type Staying lean can prove to be harder

Somatotypes Remember these are all generalizations Most people have their own unique combination of all 3 somatotypes You are born with an inherited somatotype based on skeletal frame and body composition

Body Composition Lean Body Mass Body Fat Muscle tissues Bones Ligaments Tendons Stored calories that have not been burned up Calories In vs. Calories Out 3,5000 calories = 1 lb. of fat Body fat rises if your intake of calories is higher than your output of calories

Measuring Body Fat Underwater Weighing Electrical Impedance Skin Fold Measurement BMI (Body Mass Index) Calculation

Underwater Weighing Hydrostatic Weighing Most accurate method However, it’s the most expensive Pool Scale Trained Individuals

Electrical Impedance How electricity travels through a given material A very slight electrical current runs through the body and it measures the degree of resistance against the current Every tissue has different electrical impedance determined by its molecular composition

Skinfold Measurement Uses a skinfold caliper to measure a fold of skin and its underlying layer of fat at key locations of the body Usually taken at 3-9 spots Iliac Crest Triceps Biceps Suprascapular (spinal area) Abdominal Front Thigh Medial Calf Chest (near armpit)

Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculation used to determine BMI weight x height x height Calculation used to determine BMI Least accurate way

Ideal Body Fat Percentage Males up to age 30 9%-15% body fat Females up to age 30 14%-21% body fat

Body Image How you see yourself when you look in the mirror or how you picture yourself in your mind How has society changed the ideal body image?

Anorexia Characterized by the refusal to maintain a minimally accepted body weight, intense fear of weight gain, and a distorted body image Inadequate intake of calories or excessive caloric output Anorexics may even use laxatives, enemas, and/or diuretics (water pills)

Anorexia Mental & Physical Absence of menstruation Skeletal muscle atrophy Low blood pressure Depression Thinning hair Damage to vital organs Death from starvation

Bulimia Characterized by a cycle of binge eating followed by purging Purging is usually followed with guilt

Bulimia Both mental & physical Treatment through hospital stay or outpatient services

Steroids Used to increase muscle size & strength “Designer” Steroids: An anabolic (muscle building) drug that has been structurally manipulated to mimic the muscle building effects of testosterone, while sidestepping a positive steroid test

Steroids: Major Male & Female Side Effects High blood pressure & heart disease Liver damage and cancers Stroke and blood clots Urinary and bowel problems Headaches, aching joints, and muscle cramps Nausea and vomiting Sleep problems Increased risk of ligament and tendon injuries Severe acne, especially on face and back Baldness

Male Side Effects Males Females One of the most disturbing effects of steroid use for males is that the body begins to produce less of its own testosterone cause the following effects: Reduced sperm count Impotence Increase in nipple and breast size Enlarged prostate Shrinking of the testicles Infertility Since steroids act as a male hormone, females may experience the following effects: Reduced breast size Increase in facial and body hair Deepened voice Menstrual problems Male patterned baldness

A Special Danger to Adolescents High school and middle school students & athletes need to be aware of the effect steroids have on growth. Anabolic steroids, even in small doses, have been shown to stop growth too soon. Adolescents also may be at the risk for becoming dependent on steroids. Adolescents who use steroids are also more likely to use other addictive drugs and alcohol. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hrWzTvq5u6U