Power of the Image

Lebanon bombed by Israel (Reuters) Fake or Real?

Iranian Missile Test Fake or Real?

Real or Fake?

Fake or Real?

Al-Ahram, the state-run newspaper in Egypt

“Brown Lady Ghost” 1936 Superimposing 2 Pics Involved time- consuming dark room tricks

History Photo Manipulators: Why manipulate photos? Stalin, Mao, Hilter, Mussolini, Castro and Brezhnev Why manipulate photos? Make one look more heroic Erase enemies Propaganda Media Stunts Greed

What’s wrong here?

Look at light directions

Lighting Discrepancies

Clues of Fakes Lighting Eye Positions See differences in lighting direction amongst pieced parts Look also for shadow discrepancies (size, shape and direction) Eye Positions Twinkles in eyes (Specular Highlights) Look for consistency in the shape, color and location of these reflections

Specular Highlights

Twinkle Science Twinkles of American Idol Cast in Pic

Clues of Fake 4. Copy and Paste (Cloning) Bush Rally

Flight 370

Cloning in Movies

Clues of Fakes 5. Retouching (Modification of Image)

Reuters retouched this image from a meeting of the United Nations Security Council in 2005 The contrast of the notepad was adjusted to improve its readability

Camera Fingerprints Each type of digital camera has a light sensor that records an image in a set pixel pattern Can determine make and model of camera from photo Each camera produces individual “noise”

“Noise”

Clues of Fakes 6. Gross Logic Errors Smoke blowing in two different directions from side by side smoke stacks Army soldier wearing navy insignia Watchmaker with pipe wrenches in work area

Digital Imagery and Law Police Chief David Harrison Charged with possession of child porn Cleared because he said State could not prove the images to be real! 2002 US Supreme Court ruled “virtual” or “computer generated” images of child porn constitutionally protected

Digital Imagery and Law 2005 Judge in Sydney, Australia threw out a speeding case when police had no proof to show that a traffic camera image was not doctored.

Red Light Ticket

Smartphone cameras and and GPS “Geotagging” iPhone or an Android phone.. you need to give the camera app access to the GPS data, so it can store it with your photo

Goes along with the image…

EXIF Reading Software

http://gdgtry.com/2010/08/finding-out-where-a-picture-was-taken-using-exif-info/comment-page-1/

EXIR Software http://exifdata.com/index.php