Solution Unit

Activator – answer in your notebooks. The solution to your lunchtime hunger may be a mixture. There are different kinds of mixtures – some are the same throughout, while others are mixed unevenly. This picture shows a few of both kinds of mixtures. Which items in this picture are the same throughout? Which are unevenly mixed? Do you think the salad is the same kind of mixture as the grape juice? Why or why not?

SPS6: Students will investigate the properties of solutions. Describe solutions in terms of solute and solvent. EQ: How do different solutes with in solvents affect the behavior of a solution.

Solute Solution Suspen- sion Vs. Colloid Solvent Label each flap with the following: Solution Suspen- sion Vs. Colloid Solute Solvent

A solution is a homogenous mixture in a single phase. salt water, air steel, & tea

Types of solutions…. Gas in gas oxygen in nitrogen Gas in liquid CO2 in water Liquid in liquid alcohol in cola Liquid in solid mercury in silver Solid in liquid sugar in Kool aid Solid in solid gold in nickel

Look alikes…. Suspension: a mixture that looks homogeneous but settles over time. muddy water, blood & oil and vinegar

Colloids: mixtures with very small particles that permanently float. Look Alikes…. Colloids: mixtures with very small particles that permanently float. Example: milk, shaving cream, jello, clouds, smoke

Solute- substance that is dissolved Parts of a Solution… Solute- substance that is dissolved Solvent- substance that does the dissolving.

Identify the solute and solvent

Universal Solvent = Water = aqueous

Types of solutes Electrolyte – solute that allows solution to conduct electricity NaCl in aqueous solution Non-electrolyte – solute does not allow solution to conduct electricity Sugar in aqueous solution

Factors Affecting Dissolving Size of solute particles Temperature of solvent Agitation of solution Solubility of solute

Solubility – the amt of solute that can dissolve in a solvent (100 mL of water)

Super-saturated Solution : Above the line To much solute, No more of the solute will be dissolved. X Saturated Solution: On the line Perfect ration of solute to solvent. X Un-saturated Solution: Under the line Not enough solute, if more solute is added it can still be dissolved. X

Have out work sheet from yesterday. Make sure the last 4 questions are complete. Keep in mind: Super = above the line Saturated = on the line Under = under the line

Practice Problem 1. Which compound is the most soluble at 40 degrees? 2. Which solute’s solubility changes the least as temperature increases? 3. How many grams of potassium bromide will dissolve in 100 g of water at 70 degrees?

3. 55 g of potassium bromide at 100 degrees Examine the solubility curve and decide if the following solutions would be saturated, unsaturated or supersaturated? 1. 200 g of NaClO3 at 20 degrees 2. 40 g of salt at 60 degrees 3. 55 g of potassium bromide at 100 degrees 4.At what temperature would a solution of 100 g of KNO3 in 100 g of water be considered unsaturated?

Depends on the degree in which a Acids, Bases, and Salts The strength of an Depends on the degree in which a produce produce In solution which are In solution which are and combine to form

Depends on the degree in which a Acids, Bases, and Salts The strength of an Acid or Base Depends on the degree in which a acid Base produce produce Hydroxide atoms Hydrogen ions In solution which are In solution which are 5. Negative Positive and combine to form Salt

SPS6: D. Compare and contrast the components and properties of acids and bases. E. Determine whether common household substances are acidic or basic. EQ: How are acids and bases different; what are some common household examples?

LIST ANY 5 FOOD/DRINKS that you think are acidic. Activator Many foods contain acids. For example, vinegar is a solution of acetic acid that has been used for centuries to preserve food. Some foods are more acidic, while others are less. Many acids have a sour taste. LIST ANY 5 FOOD/DRINKS that you think are acidic.

Acids – substances that causes an increase in H+ ions in an aqueous solution Release

Characteristics of Acids liquids sour taste solutions conduct electricity react with metals

Examples of Acids H3BO3 - Boric Acid H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid HCl - Hydrochloric acid H3BO3 - Boric Acid H2SO4 - Sulfuric Acid Acetic acid - vinegar Citric acid - lemons, limes

Bases (alkaline) – substances that cause a decrease in H+ ions in an aqueous solution Absorbing

Characteristics of Bases solids bitter taste solutions feel slippery do not conduct electricity do not react with metals

Examples of Bases NaOH - sodium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 - calcium hydroxide NH3OH - ammonium hydroxide Soaps (lye), shampoos, “Drain-O”

Physical Science Name __________________________ Date _________ Period __________

Soda Lemonade Tomato Juice Black Coffee Baking Soda Battery Acid Drain Cleaner Pure Water Lemonade Tomato Juice Bleach Soapy Water

Brain Pop on pH scale http://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/phscale/

pH Scale - measures [H+]

Indicators - chemicals that change color in solns of different pH

Which pH indicator is the most specific? pH paper

Litmus Paper When you think Acid = Red Bases = Blue So, when using the litmus paper use the opposite color. You want the paper to turn the color you associate the solution with.

Lab TIME – copy this onto white paper! 1 2 3 4 5 A B C Vine-gar Coke NaOH Lemon Juice Milk Lysol HCl Distilled Water

Neutralization Reactions Neutralization reaction - mixture of acid and base in correct proportions . Forms a neutral solution of water and a salt Example: HCl + NaOH -- NaCl + H2O Titration: add acid/base drop by drop until end point is reached

http://tinyurl.com/72topdc

Pick (5) pictures that represent the topics of this unit. 6.7 pH Milk 2.5 pH Sports Drinks 6 pH Beauty Products Make a poster. Pick (5) pictures that represent the topics of this unit. Label the pictures with a WORD or PHRASE as to why you picked it.