Chapter 4 Empire in Transition Empire in Transition Chapter 4

SALUTARY NEGLECT

George I

Robert Walpole

Navigation Acts: Laws that control trade and restrict manufacturing in the Colonies

Most government officials in England had never been to America How do you make informed decisions?

Colonial Agents Men who represent a colony and try to influence MPs

The colonial agent for New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Georgia:

Royal officers in America: Some good Some get job thru bribes or family connections Substitutes hired to go in place of appointee

By 1750 Colonial Assemblies see themselves as mini-Parliaments Claim power to tax and pass laws

Power of the Purse

Albany Plan: Parliament sets up a government to oversee the colonies and handle common issues such as Indian relations Colonies keep internal power

Who’s idea? Ben Franklin

The French in North America

Iroquois Mohawk Seneca Cayuga Onondaga Oneida

European Wars: King William’s War Queen Anne’s War King George’s War

FORT DUQUESNE

Governor Robert Dinwiddie

Col. George Washington

Fort Necessity

Start of: French & Indian War Which turns into Seven Years War

British & Americans have to fight together, but can’t get along British think colonist are, “lowest dregs of humanity” Colonist think British officers are too aristocratic and refuse to drill like British Regulars

Colonist do not fight in classic European style British call it irregular war or American way of war

3 Phases of the war Local war in Ohio Valley War goes to Europe England wins

Phase 1- Local War England sends new general to defeat French Edward Braddock

Edward Braddock

French Indian War

Phase 2 War spreads to Europe, England suffers several defeats Select a new head of government

William Pitt

Phase 3-England Kicks Butt Fort Duquesne falls Quebec – Wolfe Montreal

Wolfe at Quebec Wolfe at Quebec

Peace of Paris 1763 France off of North America Just some Caribbean islands

Results of French and Indian War

*England’s War Debt *England feels Colonist did little to help *Outside threat gone

*New lands open up *France wants REVENGE !!!

Problems for England Debt - £140 million Indian uprising – Pontiac’s Rebellion British spending £7000 to collect £2000

George Grenville

*Standing Army *Enforce Nav. Acts *Regulate Expansion *New Revenue

Proclamation Line of 1763

George III

Sugar Act Reduced tax from 6 pence to 3 But, enforced it !

Less than Englishmen Rights imply equality

Virtual Representation

Currency Act of 1764 Colonial Assemblies must recall any paper money issued

Colonies hurt by lack of unity *between colonies *within colonies

Conflict between established areas and frontier Frontier feels underrepresented, over taxed and unprotected

1763 Paxton Boys - Penn. march on Phily 1771 Regulator Movement-NC fight with colonial militia

New policies have something for everyone to hate Merchants Settlers Planters City workers New taxes, enforcement Proclamation of 1763 Tariffs raise prices No manufacturing

Writs of Assistance A general warrant that allows the holder to search anywhere Valid as long as the king is alive Colonists will agrue these are a violation of their rights

James Otis Argues Writ of Assistance case Later goes a little mad Dies after being struck by lightning while standing in a friend’s doorway

STAMP ACT 1765

While Sugar Act affected only some colonist, mostly New England, Stamp Act falls on all Americans

Stamp Act effects there influential groups : Printers Lawyers Tavern owners

Virginia Stamp Act Resolves Patrick Henry Have rights of English men Can only be taxed by House of B.

Massachusetts - James Otis Gets assembly to issue call for inter-colonial meeting about the Stamp Act

STAMP ACT CONGRESS

9 of 13 colonies show up Decide on boycott of british goods Sons of Liberty to enfoce decision

1766 Stamp Act Out Declaratory Act In

Parliament has authority over the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”

Charles Townshend

Quartering Act 1765 Colonies must provide quarters and supplies for troops in America New York refuses

Townshend Act Paper Paint Glass Lead Tea

American Board of Custom Commissioners

Massachusetts Circular Letter Sam Adams

Non-importation Imports cut by >50% NY £482,000 to £74,000

Letters From a Farmer John Dickinson

Parliament has the right to regulate trade. Does not have the right to raise revenue “we are all but parts of a whole”

Boston Massacre

Committee of Correspondence

John Locke Social Contract

Gaspee

Tea Act 1773

Boston Tea Party

Who is this man?

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

Boston Port Act Massachusetts Gov. Act Admin. Of Justice Act Quartering Act Quebec Act +

1st Continental Congress September 1774 Philadelphia 12 colonies

Reject Galloway’s plan of colonial union Nonimportation Statement of grievances Agree to Suffolk Resolves Meet again next spring

General Thomas Gage Has plan to defuse the tension in the Boston area

Lexington Commons

Buckman Tavern