US History Chapter 2 Section 3

Spanish Conquistadors Conquistador – explorers who received grants from Spanish rulers Agreed to give 1/5 of anything discovered Had fewer men, but conquered the Aztec and Inca empires Tribute – giving part of wealth to a conquering nation for peace (Aztec system) Hernan Cortes Marched on Tenochitalan (Aztec capital) Took Montezuma, Aztec emperor, prisoner Montezuma dies in an Aztec uprising against the Spanish Spain now controls region of Mexico

Pizarro and Peru Francisco Pizarro – heard about the Inca Traveled down the coast to Peru Captured Inca ruler, Atahualpa The next year, Spain executed Atahualpa Spain now controlled the region of Peru Juan Ponce de Leon – first Spanish on mainland of North America Arrived on present-day Florida Hoped to find the “Fountain of Youth” 1565 – established a Spanish fort at St. Augustine, Florida

Conquistador Victories Why they won? New, strange weapons (guns and cannons) New Animals (horses and vicious dogs) Native Americans were mad at the Aztec and Inca to begin with (Spanish offered freedom) New Disease – Native Americans had no immunity to the new diseases the Spanish vicariously brought with them (smallpox) Other Conquistadors Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca AND Panfilo de Narvaez - shipwrecked in Mexico Became medicine men (with African, Estevanico) Hernando de Soto – travelled through modern-day South- East US, crossed the Mississippi River, died of fever in OK Francisco Vasquez de Coronado – tried to find the “Seven Cities of Cibola”, travelled in Mexico, AZ, NM, KS, and CO

Spanish Rule Types of Settlements Spanish Class System Pueblos – towns established as for trade Missions – religious communities with small town, farmland, and a church Presidio - fort Spanish Class System Peninsulares – upper class born in Spain Creoles – people born in America to Spanish parents Mestizos – people born in America to Spanish and Native American mixed parents Africans – enslaved by the Spanish Encomienda – conquistador’s right to demand taxes or labor from the Native American peoples Bartolome de Las Casas – preist who made Native American slavery awareness in Spain, resulted in New Laws about no Native American slaves. Plantations – a large estate Main export in West Indies = tobacco and sugar cane Africans replace Native Americans as plantations slaves Portuguese did the same in Brazil.