Ch. 2 Sect. 3 Spain in America

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Ch. 2 Sect. 3 Spain in America Explorers and Conquests pp. 42-47

Gold, Glory, God Conquistadors were given grants to explore in the Americas Spain received 1/5 or 20% of any riches discovered

Cortes conquers the Aztecs Remember CAM In 1519, Cortes landed in eastern Mexico and attacked the Aztecs at their capital, Tenochtitlan (present day Mexico City) Aztec leader, Montezuma was captured—then killed Cortes was later forced to leave the city In 1521, Cortes retook the city aided by diseases (smallpox) that weakened the Aztecs

Pizarro conquers the Inca In 1532, Pizarro sailed down the coast of the Pacific to present day Peru Captured and killed their ruler, Atahualpa, and gained control of their empire Remember PIA

How did Spain succeed? The Spanish had weapons such as guns and cannons, horses and dogs Assisted in conquering the Aztecs by other Native groups Diseases (smallpox)

Spain in North America In 1513, Juan Ponce de Leon explored present day Florida, looking for gold and the “fountain of youth” Others went looking for the Seven Cities of Cibola such as: Hernando de Soto, who spent 3 years in the southeast of present day U.S., crossing the Mississippi R. Coronado, who explored Arizona, New Mexico and saw the Grand Canyon

Spanish Social Classes Top—Peninsulares-people born in Spain Creoles—born in Americas to Spanish parents Mestizos—Spanish and Native American parents Native Americans Enslaved Africans

Spanish Rule 3 Kinds of Settlements Pueblos—centers of trade Missions—religious centers, with farms and churches Ex. San Diego Presidios—forts to protect missions

Encomienda and the Plantation System Spanish gov’t granted rights to demand labor and taxes from Natives—in reality turned them in to slaves—A priest named Las Casas called for an end to the system Plantations were started to export sugar cane and tobacco—used Native Americans and then Africans as laborers

Topics for Quiz Ch. 2 Sect. 2 & 3 Portuguese explorers Spanish explorers/conquistadors Columbus--traits Vocab—Line of Demarcation Portuguese trading in Africa—gold and slaves Encomienda and social classes