R&D Activities for Future Mobile Communications AFICT 2009 2009.12 Junichiro HAGIWARA Research Laboratories, NTT DOCOMO Inc.

Topics Part I: DOCOMO’s Current Service and R&D Status of New Systems 3G/3.5G service 3G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) “Super 3G” system development 4G LTE-Advanced technologies research Part II: DOCOMO’s Change and Challenge for New Growth DOCOMO’s mid-term vision Several examples of the challenge

Part I

Mobile Communication Market in Japan 102.7 100 Mobile Subscribers Mobile Internet Access Penetration Rate 3G Subscribers 91.8 96.7 88.7 90 87.0 81.5 88.1 84.4 81 80 80 75.7 79.8 76 75.2 70 69.1 69.7 70 72 60.9 69.9 60 68 62.5 Subscribers (Million) 64 60 51.1 50 60 Penetration Rate (%) 51.9 55 44.6 50 41.5 40 31.5 48 40 34.6 30 41 30.4 30 20 33 16.7 10 25 20 7.2 ’97 ’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 ’02 ’03 ’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 Fiscal Year (Mar.‘08) Reference : Telecommunications Carriers Association

Subscriber Migration from 2G to 3G in DOCOMO (forecast) million 86% Sept. 2008 2G:mova 50% Jun. 2006 Number of subscriber 3G launch Oct. 2001 3G:FOMA 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Growth of Packet Usage in DOCOMO Flat-rate service on i-mode June 2004 (The value of October of 2001 is assumed 1.0.) Normalized Data Traffic per day per person

Trend in Communication Bandwidth 1G 1G at Low mobility 600M 802.11n 300M Fixed network services 4G Peak FTTH Data speed [bps] 100M 100M 75M 802.16e 100M at High mobility 54M 54M 50M Super3G (LTE) 802.11g 802.11a 26M Peak 14M 10M 11M 12M IEEE 802.11 802.11b 8M average 2~4M HSPA 2M 1.5M MAX sepc. INS Net1500 HSDPA&HSUPA 1M 802.11 2M ADSL ISDN 384k Mobile network services W-CDMA 100k 3rdGeneration 2ndGeneration IEEE 802.11(WiFi) Analog modem/ADSL/FTTH 4thGeneration IEEE 802.16a INS Net64 56K 64k PHS 28.8k 32k 14.4K 28.8K PHS 10k 9.6k PDC Packet 2.4k PDC PDC 1k 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 Year

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)/3.5G HSDPA realize higher user data rate with 35 times and its terminals can meet increasing demand for more variety packet services. W-CDMA R99 HSDPA Rel.5 (Category 10) 35 times User data speed 384 kbps max.14 Mbps Modulation scheme QPSK 16QAM Coding rate 0.442 0.971 Code utilization 0.119 0.934

Smooth introduction of 4G Super 3G (LTE/3.9G) Smooth introduction of 4G High-level Objective To ensure the continuous and long-term growth of mobile communication industry To provide competitive system capability even in the 4G era Realization of excellent access which has no restriction caused by radio transmission To provide a smooth path to 4G introduction Technical requirements High data speed with Low latency and High Capacity Smooth migration with reasonable CAPEX and OPEX 4G Spectrum 4G 4G Super 3G S3G Long-term evolution of 3G to keep competitive capability HSUPA HSUPA HSDPA HSDPA R99 R99 Wide spread in 3G Spectrum Start in DOCOMO Start in World market 2000 2005 2010 It will be recognized to be important that Super3G/LTE has an evolutionary path to 4G.

Super 3G/LTE Radio Access and RAN Architecture Core Network All IP Network Ready to plug-in 4G Radio Access MME/S-GW Change in Radio Access Technology (Air-Interface) only IP New RAN Architecture ・Low latency ・Low-cost simple architecture RNC 3G RAN IP Transport IP IP ATM eNB eNB 4G NodeB Node B Node B S3G NodeB S3G Radio ・Low latency ・75M/300Mbps 4G Radio ・100M-1Gbps VoIP capable WCDMA (HSPA) 4G Spectrum 3G Spectrum 3G Spectrum Ultimate enhancement using new technology elements, e.g. OFDM, MIMO Super 3G focuses on PS domain eNB: evolved NodeB(Super3G BTS)

Targets for IMT-Advanced (4G) Recommendation ITU-R M.1645 Framework and overall objectives for the future development of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 Illustration of capabilities of IMT-2000 and systems beyond IMT-2000 Systems Beyond IMT-2000 will encompass the capabilities of previous systems 100 Mbps Peak Useful Data Rate (Mb/s) IMT-2000 Mobility Low High 1 10 100 1000 New Mobile Access New Nomadic / Local Area Wireless Access Enhanced Enhancement . New capabilities of Systems Beyond IMT-2000 IMT-Advanced 4G Super 3G Dashed line indicates that the exact data rates associated with Systems Beyond are not yet determined 1 Gbps

Schedule for IMT-Advanced 2009 2010 2011 2007 2008 ITU-R WP5D meetings No.1 No.2 No.3 No.4 No.5 No.6 No.7 No.8 No.9 No.10 Proposals Evaluation Consensus Specification WRC-07 Circular Letter to invite proposals Identified Spectrum Circular Letter SDOs ect. Submission of candidate RIT ARIB sets up Radio I/F proposal WG. 3GPP RAN LTE CR phase #38 #39 #40 #41 #42 #43 #44 #45 #46 #47 #48 #49 WS 2nd WS Work Item Study Item LTE-Advanced Technical specifications Study Item approval

Consideration on 3GPP’s LTE-Advanced Requirements, Spectrum and Technology Wider bandwidth up to 100 MHz In order to achieve 1 Gbps data speed, spectrum bandwidth should be extended up to 100MHz. Scalable bandwidth The scalable bandwidth should be supported considering a variety of spectrum availability in each region/country and support of LTE terminals. LTE based technologies with higher performance For W-CDMA/LTE operators, IMT-Advanced should be LTE basis for smooth introduction on top. The performance should be higher than that of LTE. TR 36.913 “ Requirements for Further Advancements for E-UTRA (LTE-Advanced) ” are based on the following concepts: LTE-Advanced is an evolution of LTE All relevant requirements of LTE are valid also for LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced shall meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements within the ITU-R time plan

DOCOMO’s Research Activities for 4G Oct. 2002: 100 Mbps data in Laboratory May 2003: 100 Mbps data in Field Test Aug. 2004: 1 Gbps data in Laboratory May 2005: 1 Gbps data in Field Test Dec. 2005: 2.5 Gbps data Dec. 2006: 5 Gbps data 100 MHz Mobility High Low Data rate 100 Mbps (1 bits/sec/Hz) 1 Gbps (10 bits/sec/Hz) 2.5～5Gbps (25～50bits/sec/Hz)

Field Experiments on 5 Gbps Packet Data Transmission 5 Gbps Packet Transmission using 12-by-12 MIMO Multiplexing #2 Trans- mitted data Rx antenna #1 Serial-to-parallel conversion Turbo coding and data modulation Data demodulation and turbo decoding Parallel-to-serial conversion #12 Received data Tx antenna #1 #3 Signal separation Base-station transmitter Mobile-station receiver

Part II

DOCOMO’s Mid-term Vision “Change and Challenge”

DOCOMO’s Challenge: Service Evolution

Personalization of Services

Expansion of International Businesses

Evolution of Video Services

Summary Current 3G services The migration from 2G to 3G is ongoing. DOCOMO launched many HSDPA terminals to meet increasing demand for packet data services. 3G Long-term Evolution (LTE) “Super 3G” and 4G (LTE-Advanced) Super3G/LTE has an evolutionary path to 4G DOCOMO continue to contribute to activities for IMT-Advanced/LTE-Advanced. Future Mobile Communication Service and System DOCOMO challenge service evolution. DOCOMO continue research for future wireless system.