Culinary Management Yield Factors

Introduction You know from experience that when a recipe calls for a certain amount of meat, vegetables or fruit, that you will need to buy more than what is required.

Introduction This is necessary because: Fat needs to be trimmed from meat. Peeling is required for foods such as bananas, oranges, and potatoes. Stems and/or tips must removed from certain vegetables, and fruit.

Introduction Because of the trimming and cutting, you will always end up with less product than when you started.

Introduction The amount of a food product that comes from a store or supplier is called the AP Weight. AP is an abbreviation for “As Purchased”. The AP Weight describes the amount of a food in unprepared form.

Introduction The amount of a food product required by a recipe is called the EP Weight. EP is an abbreviation for “Edible Portion”. EP Weight describes the amount of food in prepared (ready to eat) form.

Introduction For a given product there is usually a predictable amount that will be trimmed away. For example, with carrots, usually 75% by weight remains after trimming. The 75% figure is called a Percentage Yield.

Introduction Percentage yields can help you with purchasing decisions. By having a recipe with the required EP Weight, you can use the percentage yield to compute the AP Weight. I know the percentage yield for carrots is 75%, therefore I must buy 4 lbs of carrots to make the recipe. My recipe requires 3 lb of carrots. How many pounds do I have to buy in order to have enough?

Introduction You can also use percentage yields to determine if the amount of a given product that you have on-hand will be enough to make a given recipe. The yield percentage for broccoli is about 70%. That means after trimming only 3.5 lbs will be left. So it appears that I will have a little bit less broccoli than what is required. I have 5 lbs (AP) of broccoli that needs to be used. Is this enough for use in a recipe that requires 4 lbs of broccoli?

Introduction In this lesson you will learn how to: Compute percentage yield. Use percentage yield to compute AP weight. Use percentage yield to compute EP weight.

Percentage Yield Let’s take a moment to learn how to compute the percentage yield for a given product.

Percentage Yield To compute percentage yield: Weigh the product as purchased to determine AP Weight. This is done before any trimming or peeling. AP weight = 14 oz

Percentage Yield To compute percentage yield: Then weigh the product after trimming. The amount remaining is the EP (Edible Portion). EP weight = 11 oz

Percentage Yield To finish, compute the percentage yield (sometimes called the EP %) using the standard percent formula. The AP weight is the base (B): 14 oz 14

Percentage Yield To finish, compute the percentage yield (sometimes called the EP %) using the standard percent formula. The AP weight is the base (B): 14 oz 11 14 The EP weight is the part (P): 11 oz

Percentage Yield Use cross-multiplication to solve for R. Step 1) Multiply on the diagonal. 11 x 100 = 1100

Percentage Yield Use cross-multiplication to solve for R. Step 1) Multiply on the diagonal. 11 x 100 = 1100 Step 2) Divide this result by the number that is on the diagonal with the unknown. 1100 ÷ 14 = 79%

Percentage Yield Based upon this kitchen experiment, it appears that the percentage yield for these carrots is 79%.

Percentage Yield: REVIEW To compute Percentage Yield: 1.) Weigh the food item as-purchased (AP weight) 2.) Trim the food as necessary, then weigh it again (EP weight) 3.) Put the EP weight and AP weight results into the percent-solving formula:

Sample Problem Compute Percentage Yield

Percentage Yield: Sample Problem What is the percentage yield for this situation? Eggplant AP Weight = 5 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 3.8 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? Use the percent-solving formula: 5

Percentage Yield: Sample Problem What is the percentage yield for this situation? Eggplant AP Weight = 5 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 3.8 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? 3.8 Use the percent-solving formula: 5

Percentage Yield: Sample Problem Eggplant AP Weight = 5 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 3.8 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 3.8 x 100 = 380

Percentage Yield: Sample Problem Eggplant AP Weight = 5 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 3.8 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 3.8 x 100 = 380 2nd: Divide: 380 ÷ 5 = 76%

Percentage Yield: Sample Problem Eggplant AP Weight = 5 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 3.8 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = 76%

Practice Problem Compute Percentage Yield

Percentage Yield: Practice Problem What is the percentage yield for this situation? Solve the problem then click to see the answer. Beets AP Weight = 10 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 4.5 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? Use the percent-solving formula: 10

Percentage Yield: Practice Problem What is the percentage yield for this situation? Solve the problem then click to see the answer. Beets AP Weight = 10 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 4.5 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? 4.5 Use the percent-solving formula: 10

Percentage Yield: Sample Problem Beets AP Weight = 10 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 4.5 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 4.5 x 100 = 450

Percentage Yield: Practice Problem Beets AP Weight = 10 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 4.5 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 4.5 x 100 = 450 2nd: Divide: 450 ÷ 10 = 45%

Percentage Yield: Practice Problem Beets AP Weight = 10 lbs (as purchased) EP Weight = 4.5 lbs (after trimming) Percentage Yield = 45%

Percentage Yields It is not necessary to conduct a kitchen experiment every time you want to know a percentage yield. Textbooks and other sources often have several pages of percentage yields. Food Science

Compute AP Weight Introduction

Calculate AP Weight Of what use are percent yield numbers? Percent yield predicts the amount of trimming loss to expect for a given food item. Because of this, you can make informed decisions about how much of a given product to purchase (or gather from a storage area) in order to have enough for a recipe.

Sample Problem Compute AP Weight

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem A recipe calls for: 5 lbs of green beans 1.5 lbs of mushrooms. How many pounds of each must you start with in order to have enough for the recipe?

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem A recipe calls for: 5 lbs of green beans Reminder: These are EP weights. 1.5 lbs of mushrooms. Our job is to calculate the AP weight. How many pounds of each must you start with in order to have enough for the recipe?

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem To calculate AP weight you need the percentage yields for beans and mushrooms. According to a reference sheet: beans 88% yield mushrooms 90% yield

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = ? Use this formula to solve for the AP Weight. 5

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = ? 5 88

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 5 x 100 = 500

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 5 x 100 = 500 2nd: Divide: 500 ÷ 88 = 5.7 lbs

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = 5.7 lbs

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = Mushrooms EP Weight = 1.5 lbs Percent Yield = 90% AP Weight = ? 5.7 lbs Once again, use the percent-solving formula to calculate the AP Weight. 1.5

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = Mushrooms EP Weight = 1.5 lbs Percent Yield = 90% AP Weight = ? 5.7 lbs 1.5 90

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = Mushrooms EP Weight = 1.5 lbs Percent Yield = 90% AP Weight = ? 5.7 lbs 1st: Cross-multiply: 1.5 x 100 = 150

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = Mushrooms EP Weight = 1.5 lbs Percent Yield = 90% AP Weight = ? 5.7 lbs 1st: Cross-multiply: 1.5 x 100 = 150 2nd: Divide: 150 ÷ 90 = 1.7 lbs

Calculate AP Weight: Sample Problem Beans EP Weight = 5 lbs Percent Yield = 88% AP Weight = Mushrooms EP Weight = 1.5 lbs Percent Yield = 90% AP Weight = ? 5.7 lbs 1.7 lbs

Practice Problem Calculate AP Weight

Calculate AP Weight Practice Problems Determine the AP Weight for each of the problems below. When you have solved the problems, click to see the answers. Peas EP Weight = 3.5 lbs Percent Yield = 40% AP Weight = ? Broccoli EP Weight = 6 lbs Percent Yield = 65% AP Weight = ?

Calculate AP Weight Practice Problems Peas EP Weight = 3.5 lbs Percent Yield = 40% AP Weight = ? Use the percent-solving formula. 3.5 Put the EP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation.

Calculate AP Weight Practice Problems Peas EP Weight = 3.5 lbs Percent Yield = 40% AP Weight = ? 3.5 40 Put the EP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation.

Calculate AP Weight Practice Problems Peas EP Weight = 3.5 lbs Percent Yield = 40% AP Weight = ? 8.75 lbs 3.5 40 Put the EP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. B = 8.75 lbs

Calculate AP Weight Practice Problems Broccoli EP Weight = 6 lbs Percent Yield = 65% AP Weight = ? Use the percent-solving formula. 6 Put the EP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation.

Calculate AP Weight Practice Problems Broccoli EP Weight = 6 lbs Percent Yield = 65% AP Weight = ? 6 65 Put the EP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation.

Calculate AP Weight Practice Problems Broccoli EP Weight = 6 lbs Percent Yield = 65% AP Weight = ? 9.2 lbs 6 65 Put the EP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. B = 9.2 lbs

Compute EP Weight Introduction

Calculate EP Weight You have just learned how to use percent yield numbers to compute AP Weight when a recipe weight (EP Weight) is given. Now let’s learn how to compute EP Weight when you know the AP Weight and the percent yield.

Calculate EP Weight If you know how to calculate EP Weight, you will be able to predict how much edible food will remain after trimming.

Sample Problem Compute EP Weight

Calculate EP Weight: Sample Problem You have 20 lbs of apples in your storeroom. After trimming, how many pounds will be left? To answer this question you need to know the percent yield for apples. According to one reference, it is about 75%.

Calculate EP Weight: Sample Problem Apples AP Weight = 20 lbs Percent Yield = 75% EP Weight = ? Use this formula to solve for the EP Weight. 20 Note that the 20 lb amount must occupy the B (base) position since it is an AP Weight.

Calculate EP Weight: Sample Problem Apples AP Weight = 20 lbs Percent Yield = 75% EP Weight = ? 75 20

Calculate EP Weight: Sample Problem Apples AP Weight = 20 lbs Percent Yield = 75% EP Weight = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 20 x 75 = 1500

Calculate EP Weight: Sample Problem Apples AP Weight = 20 lbs Percent Yield = 75% EP Weight = ? 1st: Cross-multiply: 20 x 75 = 1500 2nd: Divide: 1500 ÷ 100 = 15 lbs

Calculate EP Weight: Sample Problem Apples AP Weight = 20 lbs Percent Yield = 75% EP Weight = ? 15 lbs

Practice Problem Calculate EP Weight

Calculate EP Weight Practice Problems Determine the EP Weight for each of the problems below. When you have solved the problems, click to see the answers. Kiwi Fruit AP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = 80% EP Weight = ? Bananas AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = 70% EP Weight = ?

Calculate EP Weight Practice Problems Kiwi Fruit AP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = 80% EP Weight = ? Use the percent-solving formula. Put the AP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. 12

Calculate EP Weight Practice Problems Kiwi Fruit AP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = 80% EP Weight = ? 80 Put the AP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. 12

Calculate EP Weight Practice Problems Kiwi Fruit AP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = 80% EP Weight = ? 9.6 lbs 80 Put the AP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. 12 P = 9.6 lbs

Calculate EP Weight Practice Problems Bananas AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = 70% EP Weight = ? Use the percent-solving formula. Put the AP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. 4

Calculate EP Weight Practice Problems Bananas AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = 70% EP Weight = ? 70 Put the AP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. 4

Calculate EP Weight Practice Problems Bananas AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = 70% EP Weight = ? 2.8 lbs 70 Put the AP Weight and Percent Yield numbers in the correct positions, then solve the equation. 4 P = 2.8 lbs

Final Practice Problem

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Use the percent yield chart to help answer the following questions. Click to see the answers. Lettuce EP Weight = 12 lbs AP Weight = ? Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% Pineapple AP Weight = 4 lbs EP Weight = ?

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% To begin, locate the percent yield of lettuce on the chart. Lettuce EP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = AP Weight = ? 75%

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% Lettuce EP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = AP Weight = ? 75% Next, set-up the percent-solving formula. 75

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% Lettuce EP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = AP Weight = ? 75% Next, set-up the percent-solving formula. 12 75

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% Lettuce EP Weight = 12 lbs Percent Yield = AP Weight = ? 75% 16 lbs Solving this set-up gives an answer of: 12 75 16 lbs

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% To begin, locate the percent yield of pineapple on the chart. Pineapple AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = EP Weight = ? 50%

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% Pineapple AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = EP Weight = ? 50% Next, set-up the percent-solving formula. 50

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% Pineapple AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = EP Weight = 50% Next, set-up the percent-solving formula. 50 4

Putting it all together: Final Practice Problem Apples 75% Bananas 70% Carrots 80% Lettuce 75% Peas 40% Potatoes 80% Pineapple 50% Pineapple AP Weight = 4 lbs Percent Yield = EP Weight = 50% 2 lbs Solving this set-up gives an answer of: 50 4 2 lbs

The End Congratulations! You have finished the presentation.