1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system What do you think?

functions and disorders of the 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system Essential Standards: What are the functions of the skeletal system? What are some disorders of the skeletal system? How are skeletal disorders treated? How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Functions Supports body and provides shape Protects internal organs Movement and anchorage of muscles Mineral storage (Calcium and phosphorus) Hemopoiesis – blood cell formation

Functions Of The Skeletal System 1. Support Provides the framework to support the body’s fat, muscles, and skin. Gives shape to the body. 2. Protection Protect delicate structures within them (heart, lungs, brain) as well as protecting bone marrow which is responsible for forming blood cells. 3. Movement Serves as a point of attachment for skeletal muscles. As muscles contract and shorten, they pull on bones and move them.

Functions (cont) 4. Storage Stores most of the body’s calcium supply. 98% of the body’s extracellular calcium is stored in bones. Excess calcium in the blood, calcium goes into bone for storage. Lack of calcium in blood and it goes from bone to blood

Functions Of The Skeletal System (continued) 5. Hemiopoiesis (hee-mo-poy-EE-sis)  “Hemo” means blood and “poiesis” means to make.  Blood cell formation takes place in the red bone marrow.  The average life of a RBC is 120 days so your body must produce 3 million new RBC’s every second!  If your body’s need for red blood cells is greater than what the body can supply, some of the fatty yellow matter can be converted to red marrow.

Review the Functions of the Skeletal System What functions of the skeletal system are demonstrated in this picture? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Review the Functions of the Skeletal System Discuss hemopoiesis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Review the Functions of the Skeletal System Which minerals are stored in the skeletal system? What is the relevance to your health? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Review the Functions of the Skeletal System Demonstrate movement. Discuss the movement in these pictures. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Review the Functions of the Skeletal System Types of movement Discuss the movement in these pictures. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Review the Functions of the Skeletal System Which skeletal structures provide protection? Which organs do they protect? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Review the Functions of the Skeletal System How does the skeletal system provide support? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Disorders of the Skeletal System 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Disorders of the Skeletal System Arthritis Define the term based on the meaning of its parts arthr/o itis Discuss current knowledge of arthritis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Arthritis Inflammation of the joints Most commonly seen in the hand and knee joints Many types, most common: rheumatoid & osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis Chronic, autoimmune disorder Cause unknown

Disorders of the Skeletal System Arthritis Osteoarthritis “degenerative” Occurs w/ aging About 80% of all Americans are affected 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Arthritis Treatment Medications called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs; other meds An exercise program—swimming, golf, walking, tennis, range-of-motion exercises (such as stretching) Physical therapy

Disorders of the Skeletal System Arthritis Compare rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. What is the relevance to health? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Disorders of the Skeletal System Gout Accumulation of uric acid crystals in joint, most commonly big toe but can occur in other joints Treat w/ NSAIDS, other meds 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Disorders of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis Discuss this condition. Oste/o por/ous osis What household object does osteoporosis remind you of? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Osteoporosis Affects 25 million Americans, 80% are women Most often seen in post-menopausal, white women The mineral density of the bone is reduced leaving the bones thinner, porous and susceptible to fracture Person loses calcium and phosphorous

Osteoporosis: Bone Loss Bone at age 33

Osteoporosis: Bone Loss Bone at age 55

Osteoporosis: Bone Loss Bone at age 75

Disorders of the Skeletal System Osteoporosis Explain two reasons why this woman gets shorter as she ages Normal vertebral disc compression that happens with aging Osteoporosis causes the bones to get smaller & weaker as they get more porous 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Treatment for Osteoporosis Aimed at preventing or slowing down the process: Adequate calcium intake Regular exercise Estrogen (hormone supplement) for post-menopausal women Avoid high sodium & potassium diets Bone density studies Got Milk?

Osteomyelitis Infection of the bone Could be from a systemic infection…or May occur with a Compound fracture

Disorders of the Skeletal System Rickets Usually found in children Caused by lack of Vitamin D Breastfed babies &/or babies with too little sun exposure (or sunscreen blocking sun) are at higher risk Need vitamin D, calcium, sunshine Normal legs 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Disorders of the Skeletal System Rickets How is rickets treated? How does rickets impact a person’s healthy function? Is this a health concern in the U.S.? Why/why not? Normal legs 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Disorders of the Skeletal System Abnormal spinal curvatures Kyphosis Lordosis Scoliosis 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Kyphosis AKA: Hunchback A humped curvature in the thoracic curvature of the spine

Lordosis AKA: Swayback Exaggerated inward curvature in the lumbar region of the spine just above the sacrum

Scoliosis A side-to-side or lateral curvature of the spine causing 1 shoulder to be lower than the other

Treatment for Abnormal Curvatures Exercise Back brace Insertion of a metal rod

Placement of Rod

Disorders of the Skeletal System Trauma Dislocation Bone is displaced, may result in tearing & stretching of ligaments Reduction or return of bone is necessary Rest to allow ligaments to heal 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Skeletal System Trauma Dislocation What are the characteristics of a dislocation? Compare dislocation to subluxation (incomplete or impartial dislocation) 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Skeletal System Trauma Fractures What is a fracture? Any break in a bone 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system Fracture Types 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Skeletal System Trauma Fractures Closed or simple Does not pierce the skin Tx: Closed Reduction Cast or Splint to heal 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Skeletal System Trauma Fractures Open or compound Pierces through the skin—need to be concerned with infection Tx: Open Reduction/Internal Fixation Surgical intervention with devices such as wires, metal plates, or screws to hold the bones in alignment 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system ORIF 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Skeletal System Trauma Fractures Comminuted bone is splintered or broken into many pieces 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Skeletal System Trauma Fractures Greenstick Common in children Bone is bent & splintered but never completely separated 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Fracture Tx ORIF Closed Reduction Traction Surgical intervention where devises such as wires, plates or screws are used to hold the bone in alignment and cast or splint is applied Closed Reduction Bone fragments are brought into alignment by manipulation and a cast is applied to immobilize the bone Traction Pulling force used to hold the bones in place, used for fractures of long bones

Review Skeletal System Trauma How are fractures treated? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Skeletal System Trauma Fractures fracture sites related to osteoporosis Explain why fractures are common in these sites. 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

Sprain An injury to a joint caused by any sudden or unusual motion Occurs most often to a joint while running Often occurs with damaged ligaments Signs: Swelling and pain in the joint area

Treatment for a Sprain R-I-C-E R: Rest I: Ice to decrease swelling C: Compression (with an ace bandage) E: Elevate to decrease swelling

Trauma (cont) Strain Overstretching or tearing of muscle

Arthroscopy Examination of joint using arthroscope with fiber optic lens Most knee injuries are treated with arthroscopy

Skeletal System Related Jobs Physical Therapist pg 105 Physical Therapy Assistant pg 108 DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine) pg 113 Radiologic Technologist pg 114 Others? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

functions and disorders of the 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system Essential Standards: What are the functions of the skeletal system? What are some disorders of the skeletal system? How are skeletal disorders treated? How does the skeletal system relate to the body’s systems of support and movement? 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system

1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system The End 1.03 Understand the functions and disorders of the skeletal system