THE BRITISH ISLES

Great Britain: England, Scotland, Wales The United Kingdom: E, S, W + Northern Ireland The British Isles: UK + the whole of Ireland + more than 6000 isles

England

Capital: London Most of the country consists of flatland or hills Exceptions: The Peak District + the Lake District Network of canals built in the 18th century – To transport goods Many castles – most of them built in the medieval times Punt = Boat (Cambridge) Cornwall: own language (Cornish) + a beautiful coastline – a paradise for hikers and birdwatchers

Wales Capital: Cardiff Became a part of England during the 16th century Languages: English and Welsh Beautiful country: scenic mountains and valleys + a stunning coastline Popular hiking area Eryri National Park (Mount Snowdona) 1997: own government – Assembly: Makes decisions about internal Welsh matters King Arthur – Legend

Scotland Capital: Edinburgh Three main areas: Highlands, lowlands and uplands Nearly 90 percent of the population live in the Lowlands Language: English, Gaelic, Scots Bagpipe – piping an important part of Scottish culture Nessie – The Lady of the Lake (Loch Ness)

Northern Ireland Capital: Belfast Henry the VIII forced the Irish parliament to recognize him as king 17th century: King James took land in Northern Ireland – sold it. Purpose: Strengthen control over the Irish Protestant settlers took all the good land in this area Fighting between Protestants and Catholics: The Troubles

The Republic of Ireland Capital: Dublin Second largest island in Europe Separated from GB by the Irish sea Came under English control during the 12th century Union with England 1801-1922 The Emerald Isle Green valleys, beautiful villages, castles, beautiful coastline, golden beaches and dramatic waterfalls Ireland = the land of rain, sunshine and rainbows Leprechauns Folk music St. Patrick’s Day – Celebrate St. Patrick (the patron saint of the Irish). He brought Christianity to Ireland.