DIABETES THE SIMPLE FACTS

Ponca City High School Current enrollment 2007-2008 1466 Reported Medical Concerns 464 32% 6 students with Diabetes These are kids with Diabetes – Not Diabetics ---------- they are not who they are because of their disease process. Mr. Woody and I hope to present to you short Medical Information on at least a quarterly basis to help meet the medical education for the students

What is Diabetes? Diabetes is a chronic disease in which the body does not make or properly use insulin, a hormone needed to convert sugars, starches and other food into energy.

Can occur at any age but mainly occurs with children and young adults Diabetes Types TYPE I is a disease of immune system where the insulin producing cells of the pancreas are destroyed Can occur at any age but mainly occurs with children and young adults This was known as Juvenile Diabetes

TYPE II Is a disease where there is a problem with the body’s response to insulin Found mainly in adults but rapid increase of young adults being given diagnosis The body cannot use the insulin properly -

children born in the year 2000 will develop Diabetes by 2050

GOAL TO CONTROL THE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS BY KEEPING THE BLOOD SUGAR WITHIN A TARGET RANGE

Key to reaching this goal is a balancing act of food, exercise and insulin/medication

Normal Blood Sugar Level or Target Range 80 – 150

Vocabulary GLUCOSE SIMPLE SUGAR found in the blood The body’s main source of energy “Blood Glucose” or “Blood Sugar” HYPOGLYCEMIA A LOW blood sugar level HYPERGLYCEMIA A HIGH blood sugar level

HYPOglycemia – LOW sugar Onset: sudden may progress to unconsciousness if not treated can result in brain damage or death Level of Severity: Mild – Moderate - Severe Mild – Moderate = treatable on site Severe: Call 911 -

HYPOglycemia: Risks and Complications Greatest immediate danger Not always preventable Impairs cognitive and motor functioning Early recognition and intervention can prevent an emergency

HYPOglycemia: Possible Causes - Too much insulin - Too little food or delayed meal or snack - Extra physical activity - Illness – Hormone Changes - Medications

HYPOglycemia: Signs and Symptoms Shakiness Weakness Paleness Blurry Vision Unable to concentrate Sleepiness Change of behavior - Anger

HYPOglycemia: Severe Symptoms - Convulsions (Seizures) - Loss of Consciousness - Inability to swallow INITIATE 911 DO NOT GIVE STUDENT ANYTHING BY MOUTH – GLUCAGON INJECTION IF AVAILABLE

HYPOglycemia: Action FIRST – Verify Blood Sugar level is Glucometer is available IF No Meter available – TREAT for HYPOglycemia with SIMPLE SUGAR

SIMPLE SUGARS 4 oz. Orange Juice 4 oz. Regular Soda – NOT DIET 15 gm Glucose Tabs – 2 – 3 tablets 15 gm Glucose Gel – 1 package/tube 1 – 2 Teaspoons honey 3 Teaspoons Sugar 4 – 6 small pieces of hard candy This does not include a Snickers Bar with all the fat mixed with the sugar. Students are advised to carry simple sugars with them -

TREAT the student on the spot with SIMPLE SUGARS and obtain blood sugar level as soon as possible – repeat blood sugar level in 15 minutes If blood sugars are low, student is in need of your EMERGENCY help – they cannot take care of themselves

Vocabulary HYPERglycemia – to high a level of glucose in blood Ketones – chemicals that the body makes when there is not enough insulin in the blood. The body must break down fat for its energy.

HYPERglycemia – High Sugar There is to much sugar in the blood, BUT the cells are starving. Onset: usually slow onset can occur rapidly with Insulin Pumps

HYPERglycemia: Risks and Complications If untreated for an extended period Coma Death

HYPERglycemia: Possible Causes Late, missed or too little insulin Expired Insulin Food not covered by insulin dosage Decreased physical activity Ilness, Injury Stress Hormones or medications Menstrual periods

HYPERglycemia: Signs and Symptoms Labored breathing Weak Confused – combative Change in behavior - Angry

HYPERglycemia: Actions Check blood sugar level with Glucometer Check Ketone levels – “Pee on a Stick” if small – moderate – treat with Water if large – Call parent – may need to have Insulin given – Initiate 911 – transport patient

DISTRICT ACTIONS NEVER send a student who you suspect of having “low blood sugar” to the Attendance Office by themselves. Send another student with them to the Attendance Office or call for assistance in the classroom

WHEN YOU NEED ASSISTANCE ADVICE THE STAFF WHO YOU ARE WHERE YOU ARE WHAT THE EMERGENCY IS WHO THE STUDENT IS

Principal and Counselors are advised of students with health related issues by the School Nurse Consultant on at least once a Trimester or more often as needed Health related issues are considered CONFIDENTIAL under HIPPA and information is to be shared with persons only assisting with the care/services of that student

School Nurse Consultant will send reminder of health related issues to Principal and Counselors at the beginning of each Trimester or more often as indicated. Counselors will be responsible to notify student’s teachers for the Trimester of the students health issue and provide appropriate emergency material to staff.

Please advise/contact School Nurse Consultant is you become aware of any student health issue.

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