Unit 1 – Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700

Protestant Reformation John Calvin – 1536 – Institutes of the Christian Religion - predestination Puritans wanted to totally “de-Catholicize” the Church of England – they thought it was taking too long, so some extreme Puritans became Pilgrims and wanted a complete break from the Church of England (Anglican Church) 1608- Pilgrims (Separatists) went to Holland, but were upset that their children were being raised Dutch, rather than English. They got permission from the Virginia Company to go to North America

Plymouth Their ship, the __________, landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts and the colony became known as Plymouth Mayflower

Mayflower Compact- Created a covenant community based on majority rule. Established the concept of self-government.

Squanto- Indian, served as interpreter and taught the colonists about farming.

3 day festival with the Indians to celebrate the first harvest. 1621- First Thanksgiving- 3 day festival with the Indians to celebrate the first harvest. First winter 1620-21 in which only 44 of 102 survived William Bradford was elected governor of Plymouth Colony 30 times

Puritans Massachusetts Bay Colony In 1625, England’s new king, Charles I, tried to enforce conformity in religion. A group of people known as the __________ wanted to “purify” the Church of England by getting rid of statues, paintings, instrumental music, and celebrations at Christmas and marriages. Puritans Unlike the Separatists (Pilgrims), the Puritans remained members of the Church of England

Beginning in 1630, 40,000 settled in the ______________ and another 20,000 settled in the newly founded _____________________. This movement from England to the Americas was known as the _____________________. West Indies Massachusetts Bay Colony Great English Migration

The first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony (different than Plymouth) was ___________ John Winthrop  Winthrop’s 1630 sermon “A Model of Christian Charity” “For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us.” So what does this mean?

They created a _________ which means that the government was run by the Church. Everyone had to attend church and pay taxes to support the church. Theocracy Town meetings = direct democracy – all adult male church members are allowed to vote How is this different than the representative democracy in Jamestown?

Education _________ was important to the Puritans because everyone was supposed to be able to read the Bible. When a town had ___ or more families, it got a school. First college in New England was _______________ in 1636. 50 Harvard How is this different from the South?

Eventually Massachusetts Bay Colony swallowed up the much smaller colony of Plymouth. The largest city was _______. Puritan values include: Boston Hard Work Thrift (Savings) Honesty

The colonies of Connecticut and Maine grew out of Massachusetts Bay Colony 1639 the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a modern constitution that gave power to the people As English settlers fanned out, clashes between them and the Indians increased Pequot War – 1637 – 1st war between Indians and Englishmen – English brutally attacked Pequot village and burned it down, shooting any survivors

1675 King Philip’s War (Metacom) lasted into 1676; 52 Puritan towns attacked, 12 completely destroyed; Hundreds and colonists and Indians dead; Metacom’s wife and son sold into slavery; Metacom was beheaded, drawn and quartered; his head put on a pike and displayed for years; Indians never again seriously threatened the New England colonists The Puritans did not believe in freedom of religion. They expected everyone to worship in the Puritan way. People that went against the Puritan way were called __________. dissenters

Roger Williams- Claimed that the king of England had no right to give away Indian land and that the government should have no authority over religious matters (separation of church and state.) This was too much for the Puritans. (Remember ___________). Williams was ordered back to England but he escaped and founded the colony of ___________ as a haven for independent thinkers – complete religious freedom for all Rhode Island settlers Theocracy Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson- claimed that people could find divine guidance without ministers. She was also banished and settled in ________. New York Antinomianism the belief that if predestination is true, then why should we obey laws https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cznq6F6y32w “Moving to the Colonies” Song

New England Confederation Created in 1643 Britain was preoccupied – salutary neglect Primary purpose was defense against Indians, French and Dutch, but also settled intercolonial disputes like runaway slaves and borders 2 Massachusetts colonies and 2 Connecticut colonies (Plymouth, MBC, New Haven and valley settlements) – each member got 2 votes *****First step toward colonial unity******

Dominion of New England Created in 1686 by the crown Included all of New England, then it expanded to New York and New Jersey Also concerned with colonial defense Main goal was to enforce the Navigation Acts (end salutary neglect) – enforce policy of mercantilism and end smuggling by the colonists Led by Sir Edmund Andros – based in Boston – he loved the Church of England (made Puritans mad!)

Dominion of New England, continued… Curbed town meetings; restricted the courts, the press and schools; revoked land titles; taxed people w/out consent of legislatures In the upheaval of the Glorious Revolution (Wm and Mary 1688-1689), Andros was captured by a Boston mob and shipped back to England Massachusetts’ charter was still revoked and non-church members were allowed to vote (must own land) Navigation Laws went back to not being enforced, although the crown still controlled some judges and courts

The Middle Colonies N P D ew York ew Jersey The “hippies” of the colonial world – they love everyone and are the most accepting of the 3 colonial groups ennsylvania elaware The most demographically, religiously and ethnically diverse of the colonial regions. Economy based on “cereal” crops (wheat farming)

The Dutch Dutch East India Company had an army of 10,000 men and a fleet of 190 ships 1609 – Henry Hudson claimed New York for the Dutch (New Netherland was established as a permanent settlement in 1623 by the Dutch West India Co.) – fur trade like the French – this area was renamed the Hudson River Valley DWI Co. “bought” Manhattan Island from Indians and est. New Amsterdam (later NYC) Peter Stuyvesant led the Dutch against the encroaching Swedes 1664 Charles II gave the area to his brother the Duke of York; he renamed it New York

Pennsylvania Settled by Quakers (Religious Society of Friends); led by William Penn; refused to pay taxes to the Church of England, refused military service; wouldn’t take legal oaths 1681 Penn got a land grant from the king because his father had loaned Charles II money Penn advertised for settlers; let in Dutch, Swedes, English, Welsh; good relations with Indians No tax supported churches; freedom of religion; strong dislike of slavery https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XeL3jhx-ZRk The Quaker’s Delight

Characteristics of the Middle Colonies - NNPD New Jersey – started in 1664 as a Quaker settlement Delaware – Swedes, Quakers and was under the control of Pennsylvania until 1703 when it got its own assembly Characteristics of the Middle Colonies - NNPD Bread basket Fertile soil Navigable rivers – good for trade Lumbering and shipbuilding; commerce and growth of seaports Population more ethnically mixed