Big Picture The Circulatory System consists of: Blood Heart Blood Vessels (Atreries, Veins, Capillaries) It is the transport system – delivers oxygen, nutrients, and gets rid of waste from all cells. 1

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Key Features of Exterior Anatomy Superior and Inferior Vena Cava: Where De-oxygenated blood enters heart. Base and Apex Pericardium: Sack around heart with lubrication fluid in between it and heart. Pericarditis: Inflammation of pericardium Decrease or Increase of Fluid. 3

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Key Interior Anatomy Know 4 chambers and their locations Valves direct the flow of blood Semilunar Valves (Pulmonary and Aortic) Tricuspid and Bicuspid valves Chordae Tendineae – Heart strings attached to valves...keep valve from inverting. Strep Throat and Scarlet Fever can become Rheumatic Fever damaging heart valves. Folds in lining help prevent backflow (drives blood forward out of chamber) Know why Left Ventricle is thicker. 5

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The Fetal Heart Fossa Ovalis: An indentation in the Right Atrium Remnant of the Foramen Ovale: a hole in the baby heart that allows most blood to bypass the lungs (since babies in the mother don't breathe air) Closes shortly after birth. 7

Heart Beat Control Nerve message comes from Brain Stem SA (SinoAtrial) Node causes Atria to contract first and passes message to AV Node AV (AtrioVentricular) Node causes Ventricles to contract Pacemakers can fix heart rhythm problems. 8

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Heart Attack Coronary Arteries bring oxygen to heart muscle Clots in coronary arteries can lead to heart muscle death (heart attack) Leaves scar tissue (connective tissue not muscle) Eat Properly! 10

Symptoms of a Heart Attack Chest pain · Usually in the center of the chest · Lasts for more than a few minutes or comes and goes · May feel like pressure, squeezing, fullness · Pain may be felt in other areas of the upper body, such as the jaw, shoulder, one or both arms, back, and stomach area Cold Sweat, Light-headedness, or Nausea. Numbness, aching, or tingling in the arm (usually the left arm) Shortness of Breath, Weakness or Fatigue, or Altered metal status (particularly in the elderly) 11