Ch. 13, Section 3: Southern Cotton Kingdom pg. 397 Main Idea: Cotton was vital to the economy of the South. Key Terms: Cotton Gin Capital

Rise of the Cotton Kingdom The economy of the South thrived by 1850 because of cotton. It became the leading cash crop.

Other Crops Tobacco and rice had been profitable in colonial times Tobacco depended on foreign markets and the price fluctuated. Rice could not be grown in the dry inland areas.

Deep South In the Deep South-Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas-cotton helped the economy prosper, and slavery grew stronger.

Rise of the Cotton Kingdom Eli Whitney’s cotton gin revolutionized cotton production. The machine removed seeds from cotton fibers. Person could clean only 1 pound a day by hand The machine could clean 50 pounds.

Slave Labor The cotton gin led to the need for more workers. Southern planters relied on enslaved laborers to plant and pick the cotton.

Foreign Trade The British textile industry created a huge demand for cotton and kept the price high. The Deep South was committed to cotton, with some areas also growing rice and sugarcane. The Upper South-Maryland, Virginia, and North Carolina-produced tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables.

Slaves The value of enslaved people increased due to the reliance on them for producing cotton and sugar. The Upper South became a center for the sale and transport of enslaved people in the region.

Industry in the South The South remained rural and agricultural. The entire South had a lower value of manufactured goods than the state of Pennsylvania alone in the 1860s.

Cotton or Bust! Several barriers to industry developed in the South Because cotton was so profitable, farming was important, not new business.

Southern Way of Life Because capital, or money to invest in business, was lacking, new industry did not develop. People saw no reason to sell their land or enslaved workers to raise money for industry, and they believed their economy would continue to prosper.

The South Because the market for manufactured goods in the South was smaller than in the North, this also discouraged industrial development Some Southerners did not want industry.

Industry in the South Some Southern leaders wanted to develop industry so that the South would not be dependent on the North for manufactured goods. They also wanted the South to develop their economy.

Industry 1. William Gregg opened a textile factory in South Carolina in 1844. 2. In Richmond, VA, Joseph Reid Anderson took over the Tredegar Iron Works in the 1840s and made it a leading producer of iron in the nation.

Industry in the South Goods were transported via natural waterways. Most towns were along rivers or on the coast. Roads were poor and there were few canals.

Railroad Lines Railroad lines were mostly local and did not connect parts of a region. By 1860 only about one-third of the rail line were in the South.