Major Historical Figures – Sec 5 Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 MYP Title: Which Way Should We GO? Unit Question: Why is Power Important Concept Statement: The Culture with Power controls the nature of the Exchange Key Concept: Global Interaction Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Major Historical Figures – Sec 5 Henry Clay – Leader in the D& R, founder of the War Hawks – Created the “American System with John C. Calhoun Samuel Slater– Brought industrial technology to America Eli Whitney– Inventor who created interchangeable parts and Cotton Gin Francis Lowell– First Industrialist to use mostly women in his factory Samuel Slater Henry Clay Eli Whitney Francis Lowell

Maps For Unit 3- World Map Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Maps For Unit 3- World Map

Maps For Unit 3- East Coast of America Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Maps For Unit 3- East Coast of America

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Section Question: As a US citizen in 1825 where would you rather live, in the Industrial North or the Agricultural South? Have two true (facts) about the area you chose and be able to explain how those facts make your area a better place to live.(Reasons) South North VS.. If you are thinking that both the North and South stunk if you were a worker, you’re right!

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Why did the Industrial Revolution effect the Northern states more than the Southern states? The Industrial Revolution was when a majority of the people in an area or region gave up working on farms and went to work in factories – Started in England

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Why did the Industrial Revolution effect the Northern states more than the Southern states? Cold climates and limited farming possibilities Made the Northern Region of the US turn to making money through trade and manufacturing The “American System” a government program put forward by Henry Clay & John C. Calhoun (D&R – War Hawks) created a series of new roads and Canals (man made rivers) that made trade & travel easier The most important was the Erie Canal linking New York City to Buffalo allowing products to be sent on barges from Detroit MI all the way to New York City and then by ship to Europe – this helped the North a lot

Slater’s stolen spinning machine Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How did the Industrial Revolution grow and spread through the North? Factory is a place where machines and people are brought together to make a product quickly A large amount of people that weren’t needed for farming/growing food had to be available – South & West grew food so North didn’t need to The North got the technology to make factories from England where the Industrial Revolution began with the textile industry (making cloth for clothing) The first machines were powered by wind and water - (Remember) Middle Colonies Samuel Slater started the first real factory in the US He got the technology by committing Industrial Espionage (The crime of stealing technology) Slater’s stolen spinning machine

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How did the Industrial Revolution grow and spread through the North? Slater stole the plans to an English Textile Factory – and built one in New England Eli Whitney made factories more effective he showed the value of standardization (using interchangeable parts) in his rifle factory Why do interchangeable parts make assembly of a product in a factory easier and faster?

How old to these girls look? Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How did immigrants, women and children end up working in the factories ? Francis Lowell built an even larger textile factory in New England He took care of the need for factory workers by hiring 90% women – creating independent women with money, free of father’s influence – 1st time in US At first the women were treated well and given a free education Later as the factory owners wanted to make a larger profit the women were forced to work from 5AM to 7PM with few breaks How old to these girls look?

Did everyone think child labor was ok, how can you tell? Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How did immigrants, women and children end up working in the factories ? Factories needed cheap Laborers to make high profits Lowell solved the problem with women Other factories used children Mostly the labor came from the millions of Irish Immigrants moving to Boston and New York fleeing the Potato Famine in Ireland Did everyone think child labor was ok, how can you tell?

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How did the Industrial Revolution effect Social Classes? Factories gave rise to the Middle Class, A group of educated people that managed the factories, but didn’t own them. The Upper Class owned the Factories - Rich The Lower Class were the factor workers that faced terrible working conditions, low wages, and very little hope every day The Upper Class The new Middle Class The Lower Class

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth What effect did rapid industrialization have on urbanization? Urbanization (People moving to cities from farms): Factories need workers and the cities of America grew at an amazing pace as immigrants and people from the country crowded in to the new cities to find work at the new factories The cities were not prepared to deal with the masses of people and many serious problems arouse: 1. Crime – No police 2. Fire – No Fire departments 3. Disease – No Sewage system or clean water 4. Tenements – Giant, Dirty Apartment buildings built badly to house all the new people around the factories – creation of slums

Pollution Crime Fire Disease Tenements Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Problems with Rapid Urbanization Crime Fire Disease Pollution Tenements

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How important was the invention of the Steam Engine? Steam Power changed the American System and the Factory System in the US The steam engine was invented in England in the 1700s and came to the US in 1807 It was added to ships and trains – increasing the speed of transportation greatly railroads were built making cannels obsolete (not needed) Steam engines in factories could drive larger machines and could run 24-7 because they did need rivers or wind to work With Steam, factories just got bigger, made more things, quicker and became more dangerous

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How was the Agricultural South expanding at the same time? By 1800 plantations were dying in the South do to Soil Exhaustion (Soil that has been over used so there are no minerals left for plants to live on) It looked like plantations and the need for slaves would end in the US The only crop that still grew well was cotton England needed cotton for their textile factories – As did the North The problem was that it was very hard to separate cotton from its seeds It took so much time and labor to prepare cotton for sale that the plantations couldn’t make money Eli Whitney changed this with the Cotton Gin, a simple machine that separated the cotton from the seed

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How was the Agricultural South expanding at the same time? Cotton became the most important crop in the US A Cotton Plantation could make a fortune Plantations spread from the South into the West; Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas Slavery grew with the plantations – increasing the violence of the laws to maintain slavery and the racist excuses to violate the “Bill of Rights”

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth Why were people in South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana so afraid of a Slave rebellion?

Unit 3 – Expansion and Governmental Reform U4 Section 5: Regional and Economic Growth How was the Agricultural South expanding at the same time? “The Cotton Kingdom” became the name for the South due to how rich they got from cotton England and the North competed to buy cotton from the South, both wanting to supply their textile factories The South’s trading with England created problems between the North and South and helped lead the Civil War The Two Souths