Corruption in our world Professor Adam Graycar School of Social and Policy Studies 23 February 2016
adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Corruption is estimated to cost 5% of global GDP (about $2.6 trillion) (World Economic Forum) $1 trillion per year is paid in in bribes $40 billion per year skimmed/ looted (World Bank estimate) adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Corruption Reduces tax revenue Distorts services Inefficient public administration Weakens judicial integrity and the rule of law Diminishes quality of life/ human development Hampers economic performance/ growth Discourages investment Distorts natural resource development Damages the environment adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zx_C4Al4_I0 adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Unauthorised trading of entrusted authority Doing wrong things Failing to do something one should do Doing something permissible, but purposely doing it in an improper manner Breach of trust Unauthorised trading of entrusted authority adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Corrupt Organisations Corrupt Societies Corrupt Individuals Corrupt Organisations Corrupt Societies ------------------------------- Corrupt events Different controls adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Making the law Implementing the law Corrupt activity in ___________________________________ Corruption sometimes affects public policy Corruption sometimes shapes public policy adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Corruption perception Index Corruption perception Index 2015 Rank Score 1 Denmark 91 2 Finland 90 3 Sweden 89 4 New Zealand 88 5 Netherlands 87 Norway 7 Switzerland 86 8 Singapore 85 9 Canada 83 10 Germany 81 UK Luxembourg 13 Australia 79 Iceland Corruption perception Index 2012 Rank Score 1 Denmark 90 Finland New Zealand 4 Sweden 88 5 Singapore 87 6 Switzerland 86 7 Australia 85 Norway 9 Canada 84 Netherlands 11 Iceland 82 12 Luxembourg 80 13 Germany 79 adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Victimless? adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Sport Local government Political donations 3 major risk areas in Australia Sport Local government Political donations adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Responses & Controls Criminalisation, investigation, prosecution, sanctions Anti-corruption agencies Structural reform Education, integrity building mobilisation of the public Situational countermeasures adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Architecture of control International mechanisms Local mechanisms UN Convention Against Corruption OECD Convention on Foreign Bribery US FCPA UK Bribery Act World Bank measures etc Guidance Management Control adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
“averting their gaze” (Julia Gillard) “The standard you walk past is the standard you accept” (David Morrison) adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au
Questions? adam.graycar@flinders.edu.au