Warm UP # 2 Describe how the different climates in the North and South causes significant differences in cultures and ways of life?

Compromise to Conflict: Crisis Unfolds Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Kansas Nebraska Act The Dred Scott Case

Essential Question: How did the United States use legal action in the early 1800’s to attempt to settle the debate over the future of slavery in the growing American republic?

United States in 1819

Background: Missouri Compromise In 1819 the union consisted of 11 free and 11 slave states Admitting any new state, either slave or free, would upset the balance in the senate and touch off a struggle over slavery. Missouri applies to become a state Maine applies for statehood

Result: Missouri Compromise (1820) Missouri - slave state Maine - free state Slavery prohibited in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36°30′ line.

Background: Compromise of 1850 There are now 15 slave states and 15 free states. Gold is discovered in 1848, people head west end of 1849 more than 80,000 “forty-niners” lived in California In 1849 California applied to become a free state.

Result: Compromise of 1850 Key Points- California admitted as free state New Mexico & Utah - territories open to slavery Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. Congress will be prohibited from interfering with the domestic slave trade. Strengthen Fugitive Slave Law

Fugitive Slave Law Fugitive Slave Law Runaways returned to South Runaways could be jailed without bail or jury trial If helping a slave escape - fined or jailed Slaves living in North are terrified Opposition to law in North Northerners will not enforce Out of 10,000 slaves in North, only 299 were returned to South

Background and Result: Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Divide the territory in two: Kansas and Nebraska. Both would be allowed to exercise Popular Sovereignty: the citizens of each new territory should be allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted to permit slavery or not. Gets rid of Missouri Compromise (36 30)

Bleeding Kansas People moved to Kansas to help determine free or slave By 1856, Kansas had two governments – one pro-slavery and the other against. Kansas became a battleground By the end of 1856, 200 people had died and millions of dollars worth of property had been destroyed.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Background: Dred Scott Case 1857 Scott and his master lived in Missouri. Scott’s master moved to Wisconsin, then moved back to Missouri. Saying the time he spent in a free territory made him free, Scott sued and the case went to the Supreme Court.

Result: Dred Scott Case Roger Taney – Chief Justice of SC that wrote the precedent Scott had no right to sue because he was not a citizen Slaves are considered property, therefore: The United States Government could not prohibit slavery anywhere in the United States. Southerners Thrilled Northerners Outraged

Analysis Citing evidence from these compromises and events, describe the tension between Northern and Southern States. How could the tension between the states have been lessened? What would need to be done in order to avoid war?

Secession The action of withdrawing formally from membership of a political state 1860 – Lincoln Elected South Carolina secedes in December 1860 By February 1861: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Texas, and Louisiana had left too Form the Confederate States of America (Confederacy)

Secession Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas joined April-June 1861

The two sides Union CONFEDERACY More factories and farms More men [22 million…plus 800,000 immigrants] More financial ability [3/4 $] Controlled navy But… Not all supported fighting against slavery Copperheads Draft riots Home turf Thought cotton would provide wealth More professional soldiers and officers But… Few factories Only 6 million people Cotton cut off by Union blockade Some opposed war West Virginia secedes 1862

War Begins After the short video, you will need to be able to answer the following questions: Explain the cause(s) of the Civil War. Explain the factors that helped the Union win the Civil War. Was the result of the Civil War a foregone conclusion? Describe some of the turning points in the Civil War. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY9zHNOjGrs&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s