Causes of the Civil War SS8H6 The students will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. A. Explain the importance of key issues and events that led to the Civil War, include slavery, states rights, nullification, Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850, and the Georgia Platform.

Regional differences start to show As the country expands the regional difference intensify, and begin to manifest politically, economically, socially and culturally Major factors include: States’ Rights: Tariffs & Nullification Slavery Sectionalism: Economics, Education, Culture

Cotton fields vs. Factories

Differences North South States’ Rights Believed in Strong Federal(National) Government Believed states had the right to rule themselves and could overrule federal laws Slavery Most were free states Favored slavery and the spread of it into western territories Tariffs Favored high tariffs on imports from other countries to keep their northern product cheaper in order to outsell foreign goods Favored low tariffs because they traded so much with other countries Economic Base Factories, mining, banks, railroads, farms that produced food crop Agricultural farming of cash crops such as tobacco, cotton, and rice, these crops were exported overseas and to northern factories Education Private schools, church schools, some public schools opened to boys and girls, Private Universities Some state chartered Universities such as UGA, some private tutors for the upper class, little or no formal education systems Culture Many large cities with social gatherings such as opera, lectures, theaters and museums The only large cities were Richmond, Charleston, Savannah, and Augusta Socials events centered around farm events, hunting outing and seasonal parties

Slave-Owning Population (1850)

The Government tries to keep the Peace As these issue present themselves politically, Congress steps in to try to pacify each side Three major Compromises are passed Missouri Compromise of 1820 The Compromise of 1850 The Kansas Nebraska Act-1854

Missouri Compromise (1820) In 1819 the U.S. had 22 states, 11 were free and 11 were slave states Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state After a great deal of debate Congress decided 1. Maine would be admitted as a free state 2. Missouri as a slave state 3. Prohibited slavery above the 36° 30’ latitude line

DIVIDING LINES 36 30’ Parallel – Mason Dixon Line – West of the Mississippi River Mason Dixon Line – East of Mississippi River

Compromise of 1850 California now had enough population to apply for statehood as a free state Gold rush of 1849 increased the population New debates in Congress because - there were 15 free and 15 slave states in the U.S. To keep the balance in the Senate, Congress finally decided to compromise: CA came in as a Free State Slave trade ended in the District of Columbia but residents could keep their slaves Texas could not annex (add) New Mexico thereby keeping it free of slavery Fugitive Slave Act passed requiring runaway slaves to be returned to owners

Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854 These two new territories are created “Popular Sovereignty” is passed to let their voters decide on the issue of slavery when they apply for statehood This angered Northerners because this law changed the Missouri Compromise boundary of 36°30’ Kansas – Nebraska Territory was NORTH of the 36°30’ Republican Party (with different ideologies than today) is created in opposition of this act and moves across the northern states – this becomes the party of A. Lincoln Violence sweeps the territory as both sides of the issue fight for their dominance – “Bleeding Kansas” Kansas not admitted. Nebraska voted in as free state.

Tariffs & Nullification Tariff of 1828 “Tariff of Abomination”- designed to protect northern and western agricultural products Raised the cost of living in the South and cut N.E. profits The South is angered, but only SC threatens to ignore the law; VP John C. Calhoun (from SC) writes the anonymous South Carolina Exposition and Protest – doctrine of nullification Tariff of 1832 (passed as a compromise) South still angered, but only SC attempts to nullify the law; Pres. Jackson threatens to use the military to enforce it; SC agrees to compromise in 1833. Anger in the South continues towards federal government; tensions continue though constitutional crisis averted

Fundamental Cause: Causes that have been brewing for many years which further divide the country: Sectionalism Slavery States’ Rights Nullification Tariffs Missouri Compromise Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Law Popular Sovereignty