Chemistry – Mar 8, 2017 P3 Challenge –

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Chemistry – Mar 8, 2017 P3 Challenge – Determine the number and kinds atoms for the chemical formula Al2(SO4)3 Today’s Objective – Moles and particles Agenda The mole Formula mass and molar mass Gram – mole conversions Mole-numbers conversions Mole –volume conversions Assignment: Read about the mole

The mole concept The mole allows us to connect the macroscopic and atomic scales. We define 1 mole as the number of C-12 atoms in 12 g. Just like we defined 1 atomic mass unit = 1/12 of a C-12 atom By definition, 1 mole of 1 amu = 1 g A mole is a unit like dozen or ream. A mole simply counts some number of items. So…how many is a mole? Avogadro’s number = 6.022 x 1023 . There are 6.022 x 1023 items in one mole of anything.

The Scale of a Mole The number of items in a mole is much MUCH larger than the number of items in a dozen because the items typically counted using moles are so small a large number are required. But the idea of a mole can apply to any object, not just atoms. For example, a mole of tennis balls lined up side by side would wrap around the world 12 trillion times. Or would reach from the earth to the sun and back again over 16 billion times. It is an extremely large number, but is still nothing more than a counting unit, like the dozen.

One mole looks like… One mole of water (18 mL) One mole of carbon (12 g) One mole of sugar (342 g) One mole of salt (58 g) One mole of copper (64 g) One mole of any gas = 22.4 L

Molar Mass The mass of a mole of atoms or molecules is called its molar mass. Because 1 mole of 1 amu = 1 g Molar mass in grams = formula mass in amu. Already know how to find formula mass (add up average atomic mass for each atom in a chemical formula). Simply change unit to grams to find the molar mass. Find the molar mass of Al2O3.

Numbers and Masses Be very careful to distinguish between the mole as a unit number of items and molar mass as the mass of that number of items. The number of items in a mole is always 6.022x1023 The molar mass will be the same number of grams as the atomic/formula mass in amu.

Number – Mole conversions For any given substance, there is an equivalence between the number of items and 1 mole of the substance: 1 mole of X = 6.022 x 1023 of X From this two conversion factors can be written: Ex: How many Cu atoms are there in 1.35 mol Cu? Ex: How many CO2 molecules are there in 0.375 mol CO2? Ex: 7.05 x 1035 Au atoms makes how many moles of Au?

Gram – Mole conversions For any given substance, there is an equivalence between its molar mass and 1 mole of the substance: 1 mole of X = (molar mass of X) grams From this two conversion factors can be written: Ex: What is the mass of 3.50 mol of NaCl? Ex: How many moles of Al(OH)3 are in a 75.8 g sample?

Mole – volume conversions For any gas, the volume occupied by one mole is 22.4 L at STP 1 mole of gas = 22.4 L From this two conversion factors can be written: Ex: What is the volume of 3.50 mol of O2 at STP? Ex: How many moles of He are in a 647 L balloon at STP?

Exit Slip - Homework Exit Slip: How many aluminum atoms are in a 2.15 g sample of aluminum foil? What’s Due? (Pending assignments to complete.) Mole Conversion worksheet What’s Next? (How to prepare for the next day) Read p100-102, p224-232, 241 p246-247