NYC Police commissioner Theodore Roosevelt #MCM Radical Impulsive Cowboy Showman Trustbuster Rough Rider Secretary of the Navy Environmentalist Militaristic Unconventional Author Asthmatic Harvard Graduate Teddy Bear NYC Police commissioner

US Imperialism around the World

Eventually great resources were found; gold, timber, fish Sec of State Seward organized purchase of Alaska from Russia for 2 cents per acre Alaska Eventually great resources were found; gold, timber, fish Critics called it “Seward’s Icebox” WHY?

U.S. Imperialism: HAWAII From 1820 to 1890, Americans moved to Hawaii as missionaries and fruit plantation owners In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani came to power and tried to reduce the power of Americans living in Hawaii Americans overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in 1893 and Hawaii was annexed by the USA in 1898

U.S. Imperialism: CHINA By the 1890s, European imperial powers carved China into spheres of influence, giving them exclusive trade rights in Chinese ports

Boxer Rebellion:

U.S. Imperialism: CHINA In 1899, the USA declared an Open Door Policy in China: no colonies but would allow free trade by any nation in any port

This will lead to tension with Japan... Did not like the “carve up” China idea Did not like the anti-Asian sentiment on US West Coast (segregated Japanese schools) Roosevelt tries to ease tensions with “The Gentlemen’s Agreements” - the will desegregate schools if Japan limits the amount of people who immigrate to US.

“Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far” “Big Stick Policy” “Speak softly and carry a big stick, you will go far” —TR’s favorite proverb When Theodore Roosevelt became president, he used Big Stick Diplomacy to develop an active foreign policy with a strong navy to accomplish goals

Theodore Roosevelt and the Roosevelt Corollary TR added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, giving the USA “police powers” to protect Latin America from European imperialism

While Roosevelt used diplomacy to ease tensions with Japan, he also promoted military preparedness to protect U.S. interests in Asia. Expressing rising concerns about Japan’s territorial expansion at the expense of China, Korea, and Russia – the President won Congressional support for a new force of navy ships, known as the Great White Fleet. 16 white battleships on a “good will cruise” around the world… …what message do you think they meant to convey with this “cruise?”

The Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, 1904

The Roosevelt Corollary Significance If a European power violates the Monroe Doctrine now = act of WAR!!!

Militarism - need shorter route to Philippines “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Need for canal Militarism - need shorter route to Philippines Going around South America takes too long! Jingoism – prestige for industrial accomplishment Commercialism – shorter trade route to China i. Open Door Policy – agreement that all nations would not colonize China but can trade with then

U.S. Imperialism: PANAMA CANAL One of TR’s top objectives was to build a canal in Panama to help U.S. naval and commercial ships But, Colombia controlled Panama and rejected the U.S. offer to build a canal in Panama so TR encouraged Panama to break from Colombia

1898: USS Oregon raced around South America to fight the Spanish in Cuba. Without a canal, the Oregon spent more than 2 months at sea!

With U.S. help, Panama gained its independence from Colombia in 1903 and the new government agreed to allow the U.S. to build the canal

In 1914, the Panama Canal was finished and controlled by the United States

Panama Canal Videos How the Locks work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hoQ7RHyG-EA Time Lapse of Locks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iz2rb1xrckI Just for fun: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EGMBUzFyVl4 Canal Expansion 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=umE6x5s0CxM (update oct 2015)

By the 20th century, the USA was a world power The industrial revolution transformed the USA into an economic power The USA built the world’s third largest navy America annexed important new territories in the Caribbean and Asia America asserted itself as an equal to European nations and used its influence to build the Panama Canal, protect Latin America, and trade in Asia

United States: Imperialist or Good Neighbor? Did the foreign policy actions of the United States reflect selfish, imperialist ambitions or did the USA act as a concerned “big-brother” who was looking after the interests of the western hemisphere? Use examples from this unit that provide evidence of both arguments. Take a side and make an argument (thesis) Hurrah! The Country Is Saved Again

American Imperialism PICTIONARY Each team will be assigned 1 of the following topics on U.S. foreign policy & will create an illustration that represents their topic When finished, each class group will try to guess what topic the group was assigned Reasons for U.S. Imperialism Social Darwinism U.S. annexed Hawaii Causes of the Spanish-American War Open Door Policy in China Causes of Philippine American War Effects of the Spanish-American War “Big Stick Diplomacy” Built the Panama Canal Anti-Imperialist League Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Yellow Journalism