Mammal Study – Merit Badge

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Presentation transcript:

Mammal Study – Merit Badge Mammal Study is one of the elective merit badges for the William T. Hornaday awards for Boy Scouts and Varsity Scouts

#5 – Homework part. select and carry out one project that will influence the numbers of one or more mammals. Jot down at least 5 things that YOU can do, then put your plan into action. The following are my ideas, you can use them or think of your own. Best - Protect their habitat – how can you do this? Protect the environment – air, water, land Reduse, Reuse, recycle, Clean up an area. Reduce pollution

Ideas to improve the habitat of mammals Car pool, trax etc. - decreases the need for roads Nature preserves Pick up your garbage Make housing for different mammals Follow the gaming (hunting) laws Stay on the path Leave no trace Pick up one piece of trash a day

#1 Explain the meaning of "animal," "invertebrate," "vertebrate," and "mammal." Name three characteristic that distinguish mammals from all other animals.

1). Animal A living, multicellular organism, that can move on its own and has to eat. It is a heterotroph – consumer - Is a fish an animal? Yes Is a spider an animal?

Do all animals move? No Example – Sponge Example – Barnacles (These animals attach themselves to something and do not need to move because they get nutrients from the ocean tides) So MOST animals move on their own.

Are plants a type of animal? No It does not have to eat It is an autotroph – Producer There are some plants that DO eat. Example – Venus fly trap In science – there are NO PERFECT DEFINITIONS!

2). What is an Invertebrate? Without a backbone Is a worm an invertebrate? Yes Is a grasshopper an invertebrate? Is a snake an invertebrate No Is a Lobster an Invertebrate?

3). What is a Vertebrate? Something with a backbone. Are you a vertebrate? Yes Is a frog a vertebrate? Is a fish a vertebrate? Is a bird a vertebrate?

A shark is flexible because his skeleton is made of cartilage So is a shark a vertebrate? Yes. his backbone is made of flexible cartilage – called a notochord) Is a turtle a vertebrate? Yes

4. What is a mammal? Vertebrate With mammary glands And true hair endotherms

mammary glands Allows mammals to nurse their young

5.) Mammals have - True hair Hair (true hair) Why don’t hair cuts hurt? It is dead. Short hair Long hair

Some animals have hair-like growths – not true hair – Example – Insects – spiders. What looks like hair on a fly or a spider actually contains living parts of the animal. That means if you cut a spider's hair it would HURT!  (er, the spider) Spiders are not mammals

Some mammals have very little true hair Example (just write down two) – Rhinoceroses, elephants, whales, hippopotamus

What is an endotherm? Endotherms (warm blooded) – Endo = into Therm = temperature Regulate there body temperature internally.

(don’t need to writ this one down) What is an ectotherm? (coldblooded) Everything else – except birds To get warm they must move into the sun To cool off they must Move into the shade

Classify three mammals #2 Explain how the animal kingdom is classified. Explain where mammals fit in the classification of animals. Classify three mammals

Animals Vertebrates Invertebrates Fish Protozoa Amphibians Annelids Reptiles Mollusks Birds Arthropods Mammals

3 types of Mammals a. Placental Example - Us b. Nonplacental - Marsupial Example – anything with a pouch - kangaroo c. Egg layers – Called monotremes – Example – Duckbilled playtypus. And echidnus

Do whales have belly buttons? Yes – They are placental mammals Young grows inside mom. The placenta grows inside mom and provides nutrients to the child

Marsupials – Non placental When the young are born, they find their way to the mothers pouch. They stay there for several weeks or months, nourished by their mothers milk Kangaroo Opossum Sugar gliders.

Monotremes Mammals that lay eggs. Duckbilled platypus echidnas

Classify three mammals from phylum through species Common Name – Duckbill Platypus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Monotremata Family: Ornithorhynchidae Genus: Blumenbach, Scientific name Blumenbach anatinus Species: anatinus

Common name = kangaroo Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Diprotodontia Family: Macropodidae Genus: Macropus Species: rufus Scientific name: Macropus rufus

Common name: Killer whale Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Suborder: Odontoceti Family: Delphinidae Genus: Orcinus ] Species: orca Scientific Name: Orcinus orca O. orca

#3 write a simple history of one nongame mammal that lives in your area. Tell how this mammal lived before its habitat was affected in any way by man. Tell how it reproduces, what it eats, what eats it, and its natural habitat. Describe its dependency upon plants, upon other animals (including man), and how they depend upon it. Tell how it is helpful or harmful to man.

What is the one mammal that fly's? BATS

Where do mosquitoes lay their eggs? Wet Areas Do we have wet areas in Davis county YES – THE WET LANDS!

Mosquito bites can cause illnesses. Bats – Like mice and other animals can als0 carry diseases. But are you more likely to be bit by a bat or a mosquito?

What else do bats eat? Insects that eat our Crops Davis county has Farms. What do we all need to survive? Food? What is the bottom of the food chain? Plants.

Where do bats live? In the ceiling of Layton high

But what was its natural habitat before Layton High? Caves Tree tops Anywhere there are insects. Wet areas – swamps, rainforests

10. Can bats see? hear? Smell? Yes – Bats have really big ears. Bats have the best hearing of all land mammals.  Bats hunt at night. This is called nocturnal. Bats are not really blind (blind as a bat) But bats do not have special night vision so they use echolocation.

Don’t talk with your mouth full Some bats eat while flying (they swoop and catch insects -- eating them while they're still in the air).  Although some bats make the squeaks needed for echolocation with their mouths, So how do bats do echolation with their mouths full? Make sounds with their noses. 

What are Nose leaves special flaps and folds of skin on their faces . send the sounds in different directions.  give the bats a rather odd appearance! http://www.kidzone.ws/animals/bats/facts8.htm

11 ) There are 900 different species of bats they make up one fifth of the world's mammals.  They are the second largest group of mammals (rodents are the largest). 

What are the two main groups of bats? “flying foxes” – or megabats - the large fruit eating. Pests to people who own fruit tree orchards Helps Spreads seeds and pollinate flowers “microbats” - the smaller - eat insects, blood, fish, lizards, birds and nectar.

Are vampire bats real? Yea but they don’t turn into dead humans things like Dracula. They rarely bite people and they rarely kill their prey. They mainly feed off the blood of cows and horses. They bite the animal, causing it to bleed, them lap up a really small amount of blood.

#4 We will do “in class” projects to learn more about mammals If you miss this day, you will need to do one of the following. Visit a natural history museum. Report on how specimens are prepared and cataloged. Explain the purposes of museums. or Write a report of 500 words about a mammal species.

#5 select and carry out one project that will influence the numbers of one or more mammals. Jot down at least 5 things that YOU can do, then put your plan into action. The following are my ideas, you can use them or think of your own. Best - Protect their habitat – how can you do this? Protect the environment – air, water, land Reduse, Reuse, recycle, Reduce pollution

Car pool, trax etc. - decreases the need for roads Nature preserves Pick up your garbage Make housing for different mammals Follow the gaming (hunting) laws Stay on the path Leave no trace Pick up one piece of trash a day

Bill Nye The Science Guy Marine Mammals FULL EPISODE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=060t-q8ndvk