E-GOVERNMENT & E-GOVERNANCE Bibhusan Bista

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) An umbrella term that includes all technologies for the communication of information. It encompasses: any medium to record information - paper, pen, magnetic disk/ tape, optical disks , flash memory etc. and also technology for broadcasting information - radio, television,etc. any technology for communicating through voice and sound or images- microphone, camera, loudspeaker, telephone to cellular phones

Information and Communication Technology

E-Governance Application of information and communication technology (ICT) for: delivering government services, exchange of information communication transactions, integration of various stand-alone systems and services between

E-Government E-government is the use of information and communication technology to support: government operations engage citizens and provide government services

E-Government It incorporates four key dimensions, which reflect the functions of government itself: E-services: the electronic delivery of government information, programs, and services often (but not exclusively) over the Internet E-democracy / E-participation : the use of electronic communications to increase citizen participation in the public decision-making process E-commerce : the electronic exchange of money for goods and services such as citizens paying taxes and utility bills, renewing vehicle registrations, or government buying supplies and auctioning surplus equipment E-management / E-administration: the use of information technology to improve the management of government, from streamlining business processes to maintaining electronic records, to improving the flow and integration of information

E-Governance refers to the development and enforcement of the policies, laws and regulations necessary to support the functioning of governmental units E-Government refers to the use of information technologies by government agencies .

Government Governance Superstructure functionality Decisions processes Rules goals Roles performance implementation coordination Outputs outcomes

E-Government E-Governance electronic service delivery electronic consultation electronic workflow electronic controllership electronic voting electronic engagement electronic productivity networked societal guidance

Drivers for e-Government Political : Support, drive and vision from the top Economical : Cost Reduction and efficiency Technological: Infrastructure and E-readiness Legislative and Regulatory : Laws, policies and regulations Organizational: Focus on transparency, accountability, etc. from gov agencies External environment: Emergence of e-commerce in pvt sector, regional comparisons, international commitments, etc.

Why e-government for citizens ? Greater government accountability Easy to access information Convenient services Enhanced access to government services Quick response to requests Fast delivery of services Data security and confidentiality Citizen centric government

Government goals behind e-government Enhanced Proactiveness Increase internal efficiency and service levels to constituents Greater transparency More service oriented Reduced operating expenses Change citizens view of their governments as bloated, wasteful, and unresponsive to their most pressing needs Developing new sources of growth and a way to reduce vulnerability Better public services and quality of life Electronic communication between government agencies Citizens can conduct important/frequent/complex -administrative procedures with government agencies electronically

Models of e-Government government-to-customer (G2C) government-to-business (G2B) government-to-government (G2G)

G2C Applicaitons Information Dissemination Static/ dynamic web pages; documents; data Citizen Services provision Building permits Electronic Toll collection Communications with officials; Customer Relationship Management

G2B Applicaitons E-procurements Business services provision (e.g. licenses) Tax Refunds

G2G Applications Human resource management Payments and Accounting Data Mining Line agency Program approval and budgeting Expenditure tracking and controlling systems

Example: use of mobile technology by Government of Bihar, India

E-Government Success Factors Technology as means rather than end in itself Integration and Harmonization Focused on services rather than tools and technologies Agile and robust Integral to business processes Outcome oriented rather than output oriented Ownership and support at all levels

New E-Gov Models Business Models Operational Models Financial Models Revenue from e-services Outcome, Regulation, Capacity Institutionalization and source of funds Technology Models Standards, technology stack, infrastructure

E-Government and Nepalese context Where do we stand ?

E-Government and Nepalese context What do we have ?

Mobile Penetration in Nepal

Internet Penetration in Nepal

E-Government Master Plan (eGMP) of Nepal “Realize good governance and Socio- economic development” by establishing an effective, systematic and productive e-Government

E-Government Master Plan (eGMP) of Nepal Citizen-centered service Transparent service Networked government Knowledge based society

33 projects in sectors comprising G2C, G2B, G2G and infrastructure. eGMP Nepal 33 projects in sectors comprising G2C, G2B, G2G and infrastructure.

eGMP Nepal – Completed/Ongoing Projects and Activities National Portal – www.nepal.gov.np Inland Revenue Department (e-VAT, e-PAN, e-Filling, e-TDS) Office of Company Registrar – online services Department of Foreign Employment – online tracking of permits Machine Readable Passport Financial Comptroller General Office (FCGO) - Government Accounting System Ministry of General Affairs – Online personnnel records Business Portal – Licensing requirements for business activities in Nepal Public Procurement Monitoring Office – eProcurment system Public Service Commission – Online application Government Groupware - Email, Chat, Web Conferencing, Document management system, etc.

eGMP Nepal – Upcoming Projects and Activities E-Customs Vehicle Registration National ID Land Reform Information management system E-Passport e-VISA

Policy and Regulatory Frameworks National Information and Communication Technology Policy 2015 - Ministry of Information and Communication IT Policy 2000 Electronic Transaction and Digital Signature Act 2063

E-Readiness

E-Readiness The maturity of citizens, businesses, NGOs and governments for participating in the electronic world (e-commerce, e-government etc.)

e-Readiness for e-Government Political Readiness Regulatory Readiness Organizational Readiness Human & Cultural Readiness Financial Readiness Communication Readiness Infrastructure Readiness Data & Information Readiness

E-Government Challenges for Nepal Information transparency Legal issues Resources availability Infrastructure including connectivity in rural areas Capacity and awareness Political will and government action Assessment of local needs and customizing e-governance solutions to meet those needs, and Content (local content based on local language).

E-Government Challenges for Nepal Top Down vs Bottom-up

Emerging Concepts Open Regime Civic Engagement and Civic Hackers Open Government Data Open Contracting Open Parliament Civic Engagement and Civic Hackers Big Data Internet of Things Data Science

Assignment Think about an e-gov project that you want to implement as government official Key problems that you want to address What are the anticipated outcomes ? What does the solution look like ? How would you measure success? What are the challenges that you see for proper implementation?

Thank You bibhusan@yipl.com.np