Refresher Course Organized by: Gender Analysis Frameworks (GAF) 26-27TH December, 2016 Pamela Singla Professor Department of Social Work University of Delhi pamelasingla@gmail.com Refresher Course in Women and Child Development Organized by: Women Studies Centre and HRD Centre University of Kashmir

Gender Analysis Is a tool for framing better, more effective policies Men-women different roles, access to resources, control over resources. Understood before initiating any new development project. Projects can have unintended outcomes if gender roles and relationships in the society are not carefully analyzed.

So how does one go about doing a Gender Analysis--- Through Gender Analysis Frameworks

The factors which need to be examined are: Gender analysis is: Organized approach for examining factors related to gender in the entire process of program development i.e. from conceptualization to needs assessment to design, implementation and evaluation. The factors which need to be examined are: Not done, the project may have unintended outcome Decision making power Different activities of men and women Access to and control of resources and benefits

Commonly referred Gender Analysis Frameworks (5) The Harvard Analytical Framework (Gender Roles Framework) The Moser Gender Planning Framework The Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM) The Women’s Empowerment Framework (WEF) The Social Relations Approach

Important to know that: No single framework addresses all development problems. Each model was developed at a particular point in time. Consultatnts could use one model or combination of models/ methods depending on the situation in hand.

The Harvard Analytical Framework (Gender Roles Framework) Harvard Institute of International Development , HIID Efficiency Approach Adequate data collection at the Individual and Household level; agricultural and rural sector Data is collected on activities of men and women Identified as either reproductive or productive type Access to and control over resources and income Data is collected in 3 components—activity profile; access and control profile; influencing factors Makes M-W work visible

Example of Harvard Tool 1: Activity profile Activities Women/Girls Men/ Boys Productive Activities Agriculture: activity 1 activity 2, etc. : : Income generating: activity 1 ;activity 2, etc. Employment: activity 1 Other: Reproductive Activities Water related: activity 1 activity 2, etc. Fuel related Food preparation Childcare: Health related: Cleaning and repair: Market related: Other:

Example of Harvard Tool 2: Access and control profile Men Women Control Resources: Land Equipment Labour Cash Education/training, etc. Other Benefits: Outside income Asset ownership Basic needs (food, clothing, shelter etc) Education Political power/prestige Other

Constraints Opportunities Example of Harvard Tool 3: Influencing factors Influencing Factors Constraints Opportunities Community norms and social hierarchy Demographic factors Institutional structures Economic factors ‘ Political factors Legal parameters Training Attitude of community to development workers

Case study of Harvard Analytical Framework: Indonesia community Forestry Project

Moser Gender PlanningFramework Caroline Moser At the heart of the Moser Framework are three concepts: Moser Tool 1:Women’s triple role Moser Tool 2: Gender Needs Assessment (Practical and Strategic) Moser Tool 3: Disaggregating control of resources and decision making within the household

Marketing of rattan products Specific training Paid work Example of Moser Tool 2: Gender needs Assessment Women’s PGN Women’s SGN Access to seedlings Firewood Improved ovens Marketing of rattan products Specific training Paid work Collective organizations Right to speak out Skills in leadership and leadership positions in the project and community education

Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM) Rani Parker (1990s) GAM Tool 1--GAM involves four levels of society The 4 categories appearing vertically on the matrix are- women, men, household, community GAM Tool 2- GAM looks at the imapct on 4 areas—labour, Time, Resources, Socio-cultural factors

Using The GAM Labour Time Resources Culture Women Men Household Community

Using GAM: Ouled Hamouda, Western Tunisia Labour Time Resources Culture Women +Don’t need to carry big cans of water + No fear about personal security + Saves Time + Have more time with children -Must pay for water + Can have home garden or other small projects -responsibility of paying for water +opportunity to participate in community project Men _ lot of work +learn new skills for work outside the community -takes a lot of time to dig, build. + can stay home with family while working +portable water is available +improved nutrition +don’t have to worry about family when away Household +women feel secure when fetching water +can leave children at home +new activity for entire family + women can give more time to child care +easy access to potable water +Improved nutrition n better health + new activity for children + help mother Community +Committee + learn abt services by govt _less free time _many commy meetings to attend +more potable water available +clean environment +prestige 4 comy

Changes in OH following the project Potable water Some existing gender relations reinforced-handling money; repairs Changing d traditional gender dol –men, children started fetching water Systems within community developed-for collecting charges for water use New water source provided greater personal security for women. Children left at home-proximity of well Men spent more time at home during project construction phase and later marketed their skills

Women’s Empowerment Framework by Sarah Longwe

Increased Empowerment Levels of Equality Control Increased Equality Increased Empowerment Participation Conscientisation Access Welfare

Example of Women's Empowerment Framework Tools 1 and 2 Level of Equality Level of Recognition Negative Neutral Positive Control   Participation Conscientisation Access Welfare

Using Women's Empowerment Framework Tools 1 and 2 Sector Project Level of Equality Level of Recognition of Women's Issues   Welfare Access Conscien tisation Particip ation Control Agriculture Education & Training Political Participation No Yes Positive Commerce & Industry Greenhouse

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