What is meant by the term Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? What is meant by the term Smart materials? Can you name any examples? - A Modern material is a material that has been designed for a specific purpose or need. - A Smart material is a material that reacts and changes to the environment around them.

Synthetic micro fibres Lycra blends Polartec Composite materials Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Modern materials are those that are continually being developed through the invention of new or improved processes Examples include:- Teflon Fibre Optics Neoprene Paperfoam Cornstarch Polymers Lyocell Nano Technology Synthetic micro fibres Lycra blends Polartec Composite materials Cellular materials Carbon & Kevlar fibre Maplex Fibre Optics Mountain Boots made from Synthetic Micro Fibres Neoprene Laptop Cover Teflon film on Photovoltaic Units Helmet made from Carbon/Kevlar fibre

Modern materials - Microfibres Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Modern materials - Microfibres Extremely fine synthetic fibres, mainly polyester and polyamide They are very lightweight, soft and drap well Used for a variety of clothing products Often blended with natural fibres to give high performance fabrics for outdoor and sports use. TACTEL-is a polyamide microfibre TENCEL-is a regenerated mircofibre classed as LYOCELLS

Modern materials - Kevlar Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Modern materials - Kevlar Heat-resistant and strong They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic rated body armour fabric and ballistic composites, in bicycle tires, and as an asbestos substitute good resistance to abrasion good resistance to organic solvents low flammability, no melting point, degradation starts from 500°C

Modern Materials - Gortex Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Modern Materials - Gortex Waterproof breathable fabric is engineered to handle two tasks simultaneously: repel precipitation and release perspiration vapor. Blocks wind Only used with synthetics-naturals absorb but the moisture can go back onto the skin Used in tents and waterproof walking gear. Wound care- creates a barrier that stop moisture going back onto the skin but allows the skin to breathe

Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Smart materials have one or more properties/features that can respond to external stimuli, such as stress, light, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields and return to there original state when the stimuli is removed. Examples include:- Shape memory alloys Polymorph Photochromic Materials Thermochromic Materials Phosphorescent Materials

Smart Materials - Thermochromic Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Heat Sensitive fabric Smart Materials - Thermochromic Thermochromic liquid crystals can be incorporated into special ink and printed onto different surfaces such as plastic, paper, textiles and ceramics. They respond to heat by changing colour at specific temperatures. Thermo = Heat, Chromic = Colour Examples include:- Kettles Thermometers Battery Testers Heat Sensitive Ceramics Heat Sensitive Paper Clothing Thermochromic Ceramics Colour Changing Kettles Thermometers

Smart Materials - Photochromic Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Smart Materials - Photochromic Photochromic pigments reacts to bright light (Ultra Violet). Photochromic lenses are light sensitive lenses that darken on exposure to U V light, protecting the user’s eyes from harmful radiation. This T-shirt uses Photochromic inks for decoration purposes. Special pigments change colour when exposed to solar light and reverse back to clear when the light source is removed. Bike helmet with a Photochromic Safety Visor

Smart Materials - Microencapsulation Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Smart Materials - Microencapsulation A way to insert, fragrances, antibacterial substances into fibres Capsules are broken through friction and release the scent, or chemical You can insert moisturisers into tights to condition the skin, or caffeine to prevent tired legs Facemasks at hospitals may have it in to prevent germs spreading, in fabric conditioners Embedded into designer clothes

Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Biomimicry Biomimicry, like the name suggests means "to imitate life" literally. The word is derived from the Greek word "bios" and "mimesis" also known as biomimetics. It practices the use of the marvels of nature and its functioning for developing new innovative technology. Many innovative textile products have been engineered using biomimicry. One suchproduct that was inspired from nature is Velcro, invented by George De Mestral, when one evening he took his dog for a walk, and noticed burrs stuck to his fur. Similarly there are many textile technologies that mock the works of nature to come up with novel products. Water repellent surface inspired by the lotus plant. A company achieved the results by producing water resisting fabrics by silicon coating of two polyester fabrics.

Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Speedo's Fastskin FSII swimsuit mimics the texture of sharkskin to improve the speed of its wearer.

Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? "Shed Me" garments slough off their layers like a snake, reducing the need for frequent laundering.

Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Inspired by the microscopic structure of the Morpho butterfly's wings, Morphotex requires no dyes or pigments.

What are the top 3 facts or Key questions: What are SMART materials? How are SMART materials used in textile items? How are fabrics inspired by biomimicry? Activity - Modern and Smart materials: Use the revision guides (pg48 - pg51) to help you produce revision resources focussing on modern and Smart materials. You could produce a mind map, cue cards or any other resource you feel will be helpful. Key Focus: Conductive materials Nanotechnology What are the top 3 facts or pieces of information you will take away from this lesson?