The digital divide: how to improve the situation ? Vincent Breton Institut des Grilles du CNRS LPC Clermont-Ferrand Credit: L. Maigne, P. de Vlieger, A. da Costa

World digital inclusion (www.maplecroft.com)

Priorities for addressing the digital divide enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness Conclusions of the Sharing Knowledge Workshop, March 2010, Dead Sea

enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness

Recommendations related to networking The network connections of the Mediterranean and African countries are improving, but many administrative and political obstacles exist, according to the experience of local researchers Raising the awareness of the need and impact of telecom regulations reform and enforcement through internal and external channels should be a priority for policy makers in order to develop networks within these regions exemplary approach of Jordan authorities

Network Update EUMEDCONNECT provides the only R&E links to GEANT: 7 MED countries 700 academic and research sites 2m + users Still 34 – 155 Mbps capacities Telco markets are still largely uncompetitive

Priorities identified at Sharing Knowledge Foundation workshop enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness

From a single PC to a grid Grid infrastructure: Internet + disk and storage resources + services for information management ( data collection, transfer and analysis) Volunteer computing: CPU cycles made available by PC owners Entreprise grid: mutualization of ressources in a company Farm of PCs Examples: Seti@home Decrypthon World Community Grid Africa@home Example: Novartis Example: EGEE

What is the Grid? The World Wide Web provides seamless access to information that is stored in many millions of different geographical locations In contrast, the Grid is a new computing infrastructure which provides seamless access to computing power, data and other resources distributed over the globe The name Grid is chosen by analogy with the electric power grid: plug-in to computing power without worrying where it comes from, like a toaster

The grid added value for international collaboration Grids offer unprecedented opportunities for sharing information and resources world-wide Grids are unique tools for : Collecting and sharing information Networking experts Mobilizing resources routinely or in emergency To change: View -> Header and Footer

The Grid Paradigm Web: Uniform Access to Information and Documents http:// Web: Uniform Access to Information and Documents Software catalogs Sensor nets Grid: Flexible and High Performance access to (any kind of) resources Computers Data Stores Colleagues On-demand creation of powerful virtual computing and data systems

EGEE ~13,000 users 140,000 LCPUs (cores) 260+ sites 25Pb disk http://gstat-dev/gstat/geo ~13,000 users 140,000 LCPUs (cores) 260+ sites 25Pb disk 39Pb tape 12 million jobs/month +45% in one year Bob Jones - EGEE09

User Communities (in 2009) >13000 Registered Users Consistent doubling every 12-18 months. High Energy Physics largest users / contributors Growing contributions from other disciplines Domain VOs Users AstroPhy & Astronomy 20 373 Comp Chem 4 347 Comp Sci 21 Earth Sci 7 142 Fusion 2 68 High Energy Phys 36 8577 Life Sci 9 379 “Regional” 26 1658 Other 28 1816 TOTAL 136 13381 Accounting Portal: http://www3.egee.cesga.es/ CIC Portal: http://cic.gridops.org/ >13000 Registered Users Bob Jones - EGEE09

World LHC Computing Grid https://www3.egee.cesga.es/gridsite/accounting/CESGA/country_view.html Source: EGEE Accounting Portal

The French National Grid Initiative Legal framework: Groupement d’Intérêt Scientifique (Scientific Interest Group) Partners: Ministère de la Recherche, CNRS, CEA, RENATER, INRIA, INRA, CPU et INSERM Mandate Operate a national production grid infrastructure Foster its adoption by scientific user communities Develop collaboration between grid users and HPC computer scientists Community around Grid5000/ALADDIN research grid Budget: multiannual dedicated funding from the French Ministry of Research (TGIR program) 1M€ in 2010 for equipment and travel funds Web site: http://www.france-grilles.org (from May 31st)

Are grids only for rich countries ? Grids are powerful instruments to address digital divide Clouds are not ! All grid users access the same services and resources Requirement: an access point (or User Interface) to the grid There are two conditions Network connectivity Training of local users and administrators 16

Other grid infrastructures around the world 17 17

Training events http://bit.ly/EGEEtrainingmap Bob Jones - EGEE09

The EPIKH Project (www.epikh.eu) “Exchange Programme to advance e-Infrastructure Know-How” (EPIKH) EU FP7- Marie Curie Actions – People - International Research Staff Exchange Scheme (IRSES) Consortium “numbers”: 23 partners; 18 countries; 4 continents (Africa, Latin America, Asia, Europe); 115 persons involved; >650 researcher-months; >500 secondments; Duration: March, 1, 2009 – February, 28, 2013 (48 months) EC contribution: 1,188,000 €

The EPIKH Partners Partners in common with EUMEDGRID-Support

The EPIKH goals Strategic aims: Reinforce the impact of e-Infrastructures in scientific research defining and delivering stimulating programme of educational events, including Grid Schools and High Performance Computing courses; Broaden the engagement in e-Science activities and collaborations both geographically and across disciplines. Specific actions: Spreading the knowledge about the “Grid Paradigm” to all potential users: both system administrators and application developers through an extensive training programme; Easing the access of the trained people to the e-Infrastructures existing in the areas of action of the project; Fostering the establishment of scientific collaborations among the countries/continents involved in the project.

EPIKH secondments’ programme 1st Phase: Non-EU → EU (selected) Res. Programs 2nd Phase: EU → Non-EU Grid Schools (with 1st phase tutors) Workshops Cairo, EUMEDGRID-Support Kick-off Meeting, 26.01.2010

Grants and applications (wiki.epikh.eu) The call for applications is open !

Priorities identified at Sharing Knowledge Foundation workshop enable the national research and education communities to connect to the global dedicated research and education network infrastructure deploy advanced collaborative services on top of the network integrate national efforts into sustainable regional infrastructures and foster collaboration and interoperability to encourage inclusiveness

The EUMedGrid-Support project Support Action co-funded by European Commission under: Capacities specific program - Research Infrastructures - FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES-2009-1 Project ID 246589 Duration: 24 months Start: 1st January 2010 Budget (EU contribution): 740 k€ Budget (Total): 867 k€

Project Partners 14 Partners + 2 Third Parties from 13 Countries

The EUMEDGRID e-Infrastructure March 2008: 25 EUMEDGRID sites deployed in 13 countries, for a total of 1800 connected Servers and about 84 TBs of storage capacity

Objectives & Strategic Lines Support the consolidation and expansion of the EUMEDGRID Infrastructure with a special emphasis on sustainability. Top-Down approach: High Level Policy Dissemination Involve institutions and ministries to include eInfrastructures in the political agenda Bottom-Up approach: Create a Two Levels network of Competence Centres Involve new user communities Strongly cooperate with other projects and initiatives relevant for the Mediterranean Create critical mass to exploit the available resources and build consensus.

A few examples of scientific collaborations on grids in life sciences

How grids can help medical development Improve the ability to undertake health innovation Strengthen the integration of life science research laboratories in the world community Provide access to resources Provide access to bioinformatics services Contribute to the development and deployment of new drugs and vaccines Improve collection of epidemiological data for research (modeling, molecular biology) Improve the deployment of clinical trials on plagued areas Speed-up drug discovery process (in silico virtual screening) Improve disease monitoring Monitor the impact of policies and programs Monitor drug delivery and vector control Improve epidemics warning and monitoring system

Grid-enabled in silico drug discovery 1 Million drug-like chemical compounds FLEXX/ AUTODOCK Molecular docking 10.000 drug-like compounds Molecular dynamics AMBER 1000 drug-like compounds Complex visualization 20% success rate for in vitro tests Cost for in silico experiment: 100 CPU Years Cost for in vitro tests: 1-10$ per compound CHIMERA 100 drug-like compounds in vitro tests WET LABORATORY in vivo tests 31 31

WISDOM 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Wisdom-I DataChallenge Wisdom-II Malaria Plasmepsin DataChallenge Avian Flu Neuraminidase Wisdom-II Malaria 4 targets DataChallenge Diabetes Alpha-amylase, maltase GRIDS EUROPEAN PROJECTS INSTITUTES EGEE, Auvergrid, TwGrid, EELA, EuChina, EuMedGrid Embrace EGEE BioInfoGrid SCAI, CNU Academica Sinica of Taiwan ITB, Unimo Univ,, LPC, CMBA CERN-Arda, Healthgrid, KISTI More than 15 papers in peer-reviewed scientific journals 5 patents on molecules 32

WISDOM partners LPC Clermont-Ferrand: Biomedical grid SCAI Fraunhofer: Knowledge extraction, Chemoinformatics KISTI Grid technology CEA, Acamba project: Biological targets, Chemogenomics Univ. Modena: Biological targets, Molecular Dynamics Chonnam Nat. Univ. In vitro tests HealthGrid: Biomedical grid, Dissemination ITB CNR: Bioinformatics, Molecular modelling Academica Sinica: Grid user interface Univ. Los Andes: Biological targets, Malaria biology Univ. Pretoria: Bioinformatics, Malaria biology 33 33

Discovering new drugs in Vietnam PDB database > 50.000 3D structures including biological targets for cancer, malaria, AIDS... Question: are these products potentially active against cancer, malaria, AIDS ? Local DataBase of Natural chemical products extracted from local biodiversity Hanoï INPC Answer: focussed list of biological targets on which the compound is most active in silico 34

Monitoring the evolution of influenza viruses Daily download Grid DataBase NCBI International database of influenza genome sequences Grid DataBase Local database of influenza genome sequences Grid DB parsing New candidate drugs Phylogenetic analysis Virtual screening Daily updated data on virus evolution 35

Conclusion Addressing digital divide is a complex task Important efforts committed by the European Commission in the field of networks and grids Opportunities to do science differently or at a larger scale using grid infrastructures High energy physics, Life sciences and health, Earth sciences, Climate change High Energy Physics can play a leading role as it does in Europe CNRS will pursue active collaboration with Mediterranean countries Already active collaborations on grids with african countries (Senegal, South Africa) Involvment in EUMedGrid-Support and EPIKH through Institut des Grilles

joint EUMEDGRID-Support/EPIKH training & dissemination events in Alger Joint EUMEDGRID-Support/EPIKH School for Grid Site Admnistrators, June, 27 - July, 1, 2010 http://agenda.ct.infn.it/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=3202) Joint EUMEDGRID-Support/EPIKH School for Application Porting, July, 3-14, 2010 http://agenda.ct.infn.it/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=3193) EPIKH Workshop, July, 15, 2010 http://agenda.ct.infn.it/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=329

Suggestion: an open source toolkit for the modelling of climate change Background: polemics on climate change « Last » episod: climategate Beyond polemics: lack of consistency between existing models Proposal: build an open source toolkit for the modelling of climate Added value of the open source approach Common tool Transparency Potential consensus Grid added value: distributed data collection

Grids are learning to speak to each other Grids have different operating systems or middlewares EGEE has glite Open Science Grid (USA) has Globus Japanese grid has Naregi Most desktop grids use Boinc Progress with technology opens doors to interoperability of grids

EPIKH school