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Pronouns (Part 2)

Pronouns A pronoun is used instead of a noun or noun phrase to avoid repeating the noun. Over use or careless use can cause confusion and misunderstanding English has five basic types: Personal Demonstrative Possessive Reflexive Relative

Personal Pronouns Personal pronouns are used when referring back to the person speaking (1st), the person spoken to (2nd), or the person or thing spoken about (3rd). Personal pronouns change depending on their use (subject vs object) Personal pronouns also match the gender and number of the noun they replace Number Person Personal Pronoun - used as a subject Personal Pronoun - used as an object Singular 1st 2nd 3rd I you he, she, it me him, her, it Plural we they us them

Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns The demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, and those

Demonstrative Pronouns The demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, and those Typically, a demonstrative pronoun replaces a demonstrative adjective and its noun/noun phrase as follows: If the noun (phrase) is near in distance or time: Use this (if the noun is singular), use these (if the noun is plural) If the noun (phrase) is far away in distance or time: Use that (if the noun is singular), use those (if the noun is plural) Near Far Singular this that Plural these those

Demonstrative Pronouns A demonstrative pronoun replaces a demonstrative adjective and its noun/noun phrase: near in distance or time: this (singular), these (plural) far in distance or time: that (singular), those (plural) Examples (time): (Recent) These are hard times. (last few years) (In the past) Those were the good old days. (many years ago) Examples (place): (Nearby) This is Fred’s. (perhaps a book) (Further away) That is Mary’s. (again perhaps a book)

Demonstrative Pronouns What is the difference between a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative adjective? A demonstrative adjective is always followed by a noun (phrase) A demonstrative pronoun is not followed by a noun; it takes the place of the demonstrative adjective and its noun (phrase)

Demonstrative Pronouns Examples: Adjectives: These books are John’s. This book is Mary’s. Pronouns: These are John’s. This is Mary’s. Adjectives: That TV has a much better picture, Pronoun: That has a much better picture. Adjectives: This house is much nicer. Pronoun: This is much nicer. Which has the clearer meaning?

Demonstrative Pronouns The distinction between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives does not affect the choice of which words we should use.

Possessive Pronouns

Possessive Pronouns Typically, a possessive pronoun replaces a possessive adjective and its noun/noun phrase This book is mine (my book). That book is hers (her book).

Possessive Pronouns Typically, a possessive pronoun replaces a possessive adjective and its noun/noun phrase The possessive pronoun we use depends on the “possessor”; that is, we match the “possessor” in: number: singular (eg: hers) or plural (eg: theirs) person: 1st person (eg: mine), 2nd person (eg: yours) or 3rd person (eg: his) gender: male (eg: his), female (eg: hers)

Possessive Pronouns Typically, a possessive pronoun replaces a possessive adjective and its noun/noun phrase The possessive pronoun we use depends on the “possessor”; that is, we match the “possessor” in: number: singular (eg: hers) or plural (eg: theirs) person: 1st person (eg: mine), 2nd person (eg: yours) or 3rd person (eg: his) gender: male (his), female (hers) The distinction between possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives does affect the choice of which word we use.

Possessive Pronouns vs Adjectives Number Person Gender (owner) Possessive Pronoun Possessive Adjective Singular 1st Male/Female mine my 2nd yours your 3rd Male his Female hers her Neuter its Plural ours our Male/Female/Neuter theirs their

Possessive Pronouns: Examples Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours.

Possessive Pronouns: Examples Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (My picture) I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours. (your key) All the essays were good but his was the best. John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers.

Possessive Pronouns: Examples Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (My picture) I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours. (your key) All the essays were good but his was the best. (his essay) John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers. (her passport) Here is your car. Ours is over there. Each couple's books are color-coded. Yours are red. These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have red hair.

Possessive Pronouns: Examples Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (My picture) I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours. (your key) All the essays were good but his was the best. (his essay) John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers. (her passport) Here is your car. Ours is over there. (Our car) Each couple's books are color-coded. Yours are red. (your books) These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have red hair. (Their children)

Genesis 12: 1 -3 (page 13) and Genesis 22: 15 - 18 (page 23)

Genesis 12: 1 -3 (page 13) Then the Lord God told Abram, “Leave your country, your relatives, and your father’s house, and go to the land I will show you. I will cause you to become the father of a great nation. I will bless you and make you famous and I will make you a blessing to others. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. And all the families of the earth will be blessed through you.”

Genesis 12: 1 -3 (page 13) Then the Lord God told Abram, “Leave your country, your relatives, and your father’s house, and go to the land I will show you. I will cause you to become the father of a great nation. I will bless you and make you famous and I will make you a blessing to others. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. And all the families of the earth will be blessed through you.”

Genesis 22: 15 - 18 (page 23) Then the angel of the Lord called again to Abraham from heaven, “This is what the Lord says: Because you have obeyed me and have not withheld even your beloved son, I swear by my own self that I will bless you richly. I will multiply your descendants into countless millions, like the stars of the sky and the sand on the seashore. They will conquer their enemies, and through your descendants, all the nations of the earth will be blessed – all because you have obeyed me.”

Genesis 22: 15 - 18 (page 23) Then the angel of the Lord called again to Abraham from heaven, “This is what the Lord says: Because you have obeyed me and have not withheld even your beloved son, I swear by my own self that I will bless you richly. I will multiply your descendants into countless millions, like the stars of the sky and the sand on the seashore. They will conquer their enemies, and through your descendants, all the nations of the earth will be blessed – all because you have obeyed me.”

Demonstrative Pronouns The demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, and those Near Far Singular this that Plural these those

Demonstrative Pronouns The demonstrative pronouns are: this, that, these, and those Typically, a demonstrative pronoun replaces a demonstrative adjective and its noun/noun phrase as follows: If the noun (phrase) is near in distance or time: Use this (if the noun is singular), use these (if the noun is plural) If the noun (phrase) is far away in distance or time: Use that (if the noun is singular), use those (if the noun is plural) Examples (time): (Recent) These are hard times. (last few years) (In the past) Those were the good old days. (many years ago) Examples (place): (Nearby) This is Fred’s. (perhaps a book) (Further away) That is Mary’s. (again perhaps a book)

Demonstrative Pronouns What is the difference between a demonstrative pronoun and a demonstrative adjective? A demonstrative adjective is always followed by a noun (phrase) A demonstrative pronoun is not followed by a noun; it takes the place of the demonstrative adjective and its noun (phrase) Examples: Adjectives: These books are John’s. This book is Mary’s. Pronouns: These are John’s. This is Mary’s. Adjective: That TV has a much better picture, Pronoun: That has a much better picture. Adjective: This house is much nicer. Pronoun: This is much nicer. Which has the clearer meaning? The distinction between demonstrative pronouns and demonstrative adjectives does not affect the choice of which words we should use.

Possessive Pronouns Typically, a possessive pronoun replaces a possessive adjective and its noun/noun phrase Ex: This book is mine (my book). That book is hers (her book). The possessive pronoun we use depends on the “possessor”; that is, we match the “possessor” in: number: singular (eg: hers) or plural (eg: theirs) person: 1st person (eg: mine), 2nd person (eg: yours) or 3rd person (eg: his) gender: male (his), female (hers) The distinction between possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives does affect the choice of which word we use.

Possessive Pronouns vs Adjectives Number Person Gender (owner) Possessive Pronoun Possessive Adjective Singular 1st Male/Female mine my 2nd yours your 3rd Male his Female hers her Neuter its Plural ours our Male/Female/Neuter theirs their

Possessive Pronouns: Examples Look at these pictures. Mine is the big one. (My picture) I looked everywhere for your key. I found John's key but I couldn't find yours. (your key) All the essays were good but his was the best. (his essay) John found his passport but Mary couldn't find hers. (her passport) Here is your car. Ours is over there. (Our car) Each couple's books are color-coded. Yours are red. (your books) These aren't John and Mary's children. Theirs have red hair. (Their children)

Genesis 12: 1 -3 Then the Lord God told Abram, “Leave your country, your relatives, and your father’s house, and go to the land I will show you. I will cause you to become the father of a great nation. I will bless you and make you famous and I will make you a blessing to others. I will bless those who bless you and curse those who curse you. And all the families of the earth will be blessed through you.” Personal Pronoun - Subject Personal Pronoun - Object Demonstrative Pronoun

Genesis 22: 15 - 18 Then the angel of the Lord called again to Abraham from heaven, “This is what the Lord says: Because you have obeyed me and have not withheld even your beloved son, I swear by my own self that I will bless you richly. I will multiply your descendants into countless millions, like the stars of the sky and the sand on the seashore. They will conquer their enemies, and through your descendants, all the nations of the earth will be blessed – all because you have obeyed me.”