Translation of Islamic Texts: An Introduction

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Presentation transcript:

Translation of Islamic Texts: An Introduction Islamic Translation 1st Lecture 1437-1438

What do you know about Islamic Translation? What do you want to know? What do you expect to get out of this class?

لماذا تعتبر الترجمة الإسلامية في غاية الأهمية؟ 1/ تحقيق تبليغ دعـوة الإسـلام إلى الناس كافة 2/ المساعدة على تصحيح المفاهيم الإسلامية التي من أهمها العقيدة الصحيحة 3/ تقريب فهم الكتاب والسنة إلى غير الناطقين بالعربية 4/ المساعدة على ردّ شبهات الأعداء وإبطال مكائدهم

Which is more difficult: religious or literary translation? And why? Religious translation is more difficult because “the subject matter of religious texts implies the existence of spiritual world that is not fictive, but has its own external realities and truths. The author is understood not to be free to create the world that animates the subject matter, but to be merely instrumental in exploring it” Dickens et al. (2002: 178).

Islamic texts, mainly the Quran, is more difficult to translate than the Bible and other religious texts, why?

Requirements of an Islamic Translator: Islamic Knowledge Knowledge of Arabic Syntax Being bicultural & bilingual Faithfulness & sincerity in conveying the meanings of texts

هل المصطلحات الإسلامية قابلة للترجمة أم لا؟

أهم مشاكل ترجمة المصطلحات الإسلامية: # غياب المصطلح الإسلامي في اللغة الهدف # خصوصية المصطلح الإسلامي من ناحية مدلولاته # تضارب المترادفات مع المصطلح الإسلامي # التعارض الثقافي # الفُرُج اللفظية

الحل لمشكلة المصطلحات الإسلامية يكمن في مراعاة الآتي: # أهداف الترجمة. # نوع النص المترجم والغرض منه. # الجمهور الذي نترجم له.

Translation of Islamic Texts: Strategies for Translating Religion-specific Terms

Phonological Borrowing Transference ((النقل الجهاد = Jihad مكة = Makkah

1. Phonological Borrowing Naturalization (التطبيع) Orthodox = الأرثودكسية مكة = Mecca Radicalism = الراديكالية

2. Cultural Equivalent (المرادف الثقافي) Heaven = الجنة Hell = النار Sins = الذنوب Repentance = التوبة

3. Functional Equivalent (المرادف الوظيفي) الحدود X limits الحدود = penalties

4. Descriptive Equivalent (المرادف الوصفي) الخلع =divorce initiated by wife

5. Synonym الوضوء = ablution (ritual purification)

6. Modulation (التحوير) كافر = non-Muslim (rather than infidel OR unbeliever)

7. Compensation الحج = Pilgrimage to Makkah

8. Notes, additions, glosses Glossary at end of book Footnotes or endnotes Partial or full explanation either in parenthesis or free in the text after the italicized term

Practice تعتمد الكرستيانية على مبدأ الترينيتي الذي يقول بأن القاد عبارة عن الأب والإبن والهولي قوست . كما نجد في كتب الثيولوجيا مبدأ يقول بأن السالفيشن يحصل عليه الإنسان إذا آمن بالكروسفيكشن الذي يقول بأن جيزوس تم صلبه فداء للإنسان وخلاصا له من تبعات الأوريجنال سِن

Practice Excess use of transliteration تعتمد الكرستيانية على مبدأ الترينيتي الذي يقول بأن القاد عبارة عن الأب والإبن والهولي قوست . كما نجد في كتب الثيولوجيا مبدأ يقول بأن السالفيشن يحصل عليه الإنسان إذا آمن بالكروسفيكشن الذي يقول بأن جيزوس تم صلبه فداء للإنسان وخلاصا له من تبعات الأوريجنال سِن تعتمد النصرانية على مبدأ التثليث الذي يقول بأن الإله عبارة عن الأب والابن وروح القدس . كما نجد في كتب العقيدة مبدأ يقول بأن الخلاص يحصل عليه الإنسان إذا آمن بعقيدة الصلب التي تقول بأن عيسى تم صلبه فداء للإنسان وخلاصا له من تبعات الخطيئة الأصلية أو الأولى

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation 1. Capitalization In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation 2. Vocative (النداء) O God O you who believe

اللهم أعني على ذكرك وشكرك وحسن عبادتك PRACTICE: اللهم أعني على ذكرك وشكرك وحسن عبادتك O Allah! Assist me in remembering You, in thanking You, and in worshipping You in the best of manners

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation 3. Imperative (صيغة الأمر) “a direct address language” used for: Command Advice Supplication

3. Imperative (صيغة الأمر) Imperative + vocative (Servants of Allah! Fear Allah)

3. Imperative (صيغة الأمر) Imperative + 3rd Person Pronouns “Let those (believers) who sell the life of this world for the Hereafter fight in the Cause of Allah”

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation 4. Subjunctives God bless you God forbid God save the Queen Praise be to Allah

Practice: صلى الله عليه وسلم May peace & blessings of Allah be upon him رضي الله عنه May Allah be pleased with him رحمه الله May Allah have mercy on him سبحان الله Glory be to Allah

Syntactic Features of Islamic Translation 5. Compounds (N + Adj.) Allah Almighty