Nutrition & Digestion

Vocabulary Absorption – to take into Calorie – measurement for the amount of energy in food Chemical Digestion – Breakdown food into new substances Enzyme – substance produced by the body to aid chemical digestion

Vocabulary Hormone – substance produced and secreted by the body to control certain functions Mechanical Digestion – breakdown food into smaller pieces Peristalsis – wavelike muscle contractions to push food through the digestive system Metabolism – all chemical reactions in the body

Nutrition: __________ needed for energy to carry out life functions Energy in food is measured in ____________ Food Calories

Nutrients: Nutrient Use Sources Primary source of energy Sugars: Starches: Fats __________energy __________ the body Cushion and support organs Proteins Build and ________ Fish, Lean meat Eggs Vitamins Regulates _________the functioning of the body Vit. C Vit. D Cakes Carbohydrates Starch Sugar  Glucose Rice Stored Fried food, nuts Insulate FatsFatty Acids & Glycerol Repair Proteins  Amino Acids immune Maintains Bones

Nutrients: Water Nutrient Use Sources Minerals Maintain body functions Calcium Iron Sodium Needed for chemical reactions to occur Bones Red blood Cells Muscles Water Water, Juice Dissolves nutrients so they can be transported throughout the body Raw Fruit Raw Vegetables Bran Roughage (Fiber) Provides bulk to help push solid waste out

Food Labels:

Food Labels: What is the size of one serving? ______________ How many calories are in one serving? _______ How many grams of fat are in one serving? ______ How much fiber is in one serving? ________ How many servings are in the container? _______ How many calories would you consume if you ate the whole container? _________ 1 cup or 228 grams 260 12 grams 0 grams 2 520

Metabolism: The chemical reactions occurring in the body Can be effected by hormones, ________, __________, and aging Gender Diet

Balanced Diet: Minimum daily intake of all nutrients Effected by species, size, _______, ________, and activity If you consume more calories than you use, you will _______ weight If you consume less calories than you use, you will _______ weight Scurvy: a disease due to a ________ intake of vitamin C Diet affects the fetus during pregnancy Gender Age Gain Lose Limited

Both pyramids show the amounts of each food group need daily The new food pyramid includes daily exercise and the old pyramid doesn’t

Digestive System: Breakdown _______________ food into useable substances (____________) Two types: 1. Mechanical: breakdown food into __________ _________ 2. Chemical: breakdown food into simpler substances by using _____________ Absorption: nutrients are taken into the ____________system to be transported throughout the body Nutrients Smaller Pieces Enzymes Circulatory

Organs that food passes through: Function Mouth Teeth: Salivary Glands: No digestion takes place here Peristalsis: Stomach Proteins broken down to simpler proteins Ulcer Most digestion occurs here Villi Mechanical digestion Chemical digestion starch-> sugar Esophagus Muscular contraction Secretes a thick wall of mucus Irritation of the lining of the stomach proteins-> amino acids; sugars-> glucose; fats-> fatty acids & glycerol Small Intestine Increases surface area; nutrients to be absorbed in to the circulatory system

Organs that food passes through: Function Large Intestine Absorbs excess ________ to form solid waste Stores solid waste Anus Water Rectum Releases waste

Organs that food does not pass through: Function Liver Produces bile to breakdown _________ Store bile Produces pancreatic juice to help with end digestion in the _________ _____________ Also produces insulin to regulate blood sugar level Appendix Fats Gall bladder Pancreas Small Intestine No function Appendicitis---inflamed, needs to be removed

Teeth- Mechanical Digestion – smaller pieces Chemical Digestion StarchSugar No Digestion Mechanical and Chemical Digestion SolidLiquid and ProteinSimple proteins Produces Bile Produces enzymes for chemical digestion Stores Bile Chemical Digestion SugarGlucose ProteinAmino Acid FatsFatty Acid and Glycerol Absorbs excess water to make solid Waste No Function Stores Solid Waste Eliminates Solid Waste

Review - Magnetism Strength is strongest at the poles (end) Opposite poles attract, move towards each other (North and South) Like poles repel, push away from each other (North and North or South and South) The closer the magnets, the greater the attraction or repulsion The farther away the magnets, the weaker the attraction or repulsion