The Age of Contact (Exploration) and Early Colonization Unit 3 Spanish (and a little French-but mostly Spanish!!)

Key Words Explorer- One who went to new, undiscovered territories Conquistador- Spanish explorers who conquered new territories for Spain Mission- Religious settlement established by the Spanish Presidio- A presidio (meaning "to preside" or "to oversee") is a fortified military base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence.

First Things First Remember…long ago when we analyzed the four regions of Texas, the Native Texas tribes, and discovered why they lived where they did? We now need to determine why the explorers decided to come to Texas. So…why? (with your elbow partner, discuss this for at least one minute. Come up with three good reasons)

https://youtu.be/E1Pp4pqPlOM

The Powers That Be (Were) The “Big Three” countries in Europe who were competing for land were… England Spain France

All three countries explored for the same reasons--- “The Three G’s” God Gold Glory

At this time, explorers were searching for Gold

And once they began to explore the New World, they thought they would find lots of gold.

People also wanted glory for their country.

People also wanted to share/spread their faith People also wanted to share/spread their faith. Is that really any different today? God

Impact of Explorers on Texas We now know the three reasons explorers came to Texas. Those reasons are… GOLD GOD GLORY But…we need to ask ourselves what IMPACT (Effect) their exploration had on Texas?

Alonso Álvarez de Pineda Pineda was sent by the Spanish governor of Jamaica in 1519 to map the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico. He sailed along the coastline for about 9 months and was the first European explorer in Texas to explore the Texas Gulf Coast. He discovered Rio de las Palmas (Rio Grande River).

Cabeza de Vaca Cabeza de Vaca means “head of a cow”. His exploration goal was to return to Mexico City. From 1528-1536, he explored the interior of Texas and discovered the Karankawa and Coahuiltecan Indians as well as the buffalo.

Cabeza de Vaca He started the stories of the legendary Seven Cities of Cibola. (Gold) What might be a reason that someone would create such a legend…other than to just tell a good story? Use your “cabeza” for this one.

Now The French. Cool! At least it’s not Spain again!

Rene Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle He wanted to find the Northwest Passage for his country of France. At the age of twenty-three he went to Canada as an adventurer and trader and explored the Ohio River. He built a fort near Garcitas Creek and called it Fort St. Louis. Later he attempted to found a French colony near the mouth of the Mississippi River, but was shot by his own men. He explored from 1680-1685.

Final Questions What are the 3 reasons (3 G’s) explorers came to Texas? Which European country was more successful at exploring and claiming land in Texas? Who was the French explorer who attempted to settle Texas but failed?

The French were unable to successfully colonize Texas, but their efforts made Spain realize how important the area was.

Missions and Presidios Spain…yep… Spain Again… Missions and Presidios

Corpus Christi de la Ysleta After all this, the Spanish decided to establish the mission system, starting in El Paso, Texas in 1680. The first mission in Texas was called Corpus Christi de la Ysleta.

San Antonio de Valero In 1718, the Spanish built the mission San Antonio de Valero. This is also known as the “Alamo”. The city/town that grew around the mission was San Antonio.

La Bahia Mission La Bahia was originally established by the Spanish in 1721. The city/town of Goliad, Texas formed around the mission. It was later moved from the coast to the Guadalupe River because of Indian attacks.

Typical Mission Layout: Analyzing the layout, which physical geographic feature influenced where the missions and presidios were built in Texas? Answer: Rivers Based on the diagram, what is one way the Spanish missionaries adapted to the environment? Answer: Farming

Key Individuals

Fray Damian Massanet Convinced the viceroy of New Spain to colonize East Texas and convert the Caddo Indians to Catholicism Alonso De León and Massanet, who was a Spanish Franciscan priest, were sent with several other priests and 100 soldiers to colonize East Texas. In 1690, he assisted in the establishment of the mission San Francisco de los Tejas. This was the first Catholic mission built in East Texas. Resulted in many missions, but they all failed to be successful

Jose de Escandon (1750s) Military commander and Governor of Nuevo Santander (Laredo, Texas and the surrounding area) Led Spain’s expansion effort in South Texas He founded over twenty towns or villas and a number of missions Moved La Bahia mission and presidio from the Guadalupe River to the present-day site of Goliad. For his colonization efforts Escandón is sometimes called the "father" of the lower Rio Grande valley.

Antonio Margil de Jesus (Early 1700’s) Spanish, Franciscan Priest Supervised the founding of missions in East Texas including Nuestra de los Dolores and San Miguel de los Adaes Due to the problems in East Texas, he moved to San Antonio and founded San Jose y San Miguel de Aguayo, one of the five missions in San Antonio today. He was arguably the most famous missionary to serve in Texas.

Father Francisco Hidalgo (early 1700s) Spanish, Catholic Priest who served at Mission San Francisco de los Tejas Contacted French Catholic priests to provide religious services to the local native people when Spanish priests weren’t available Caused Spanish to be suspicious of French colonization

Ranching Ranching in Texas was successful where missions and settlements were doing well and thriving Cattle were easier to raise and protect than growing crops and farming

EXAMPLES OF SPANISH INFLUENCE ON TEXAS Place Names Amarillo – in Spanish it means yellow. This was the color of the soil of the area and the beautiful wildflowers. Named by early settlers in this area Rio Grande – in Spanish it means “Big River” Most Texas rivers and landforms Vocabulary Vaquero – Spanish word for cowboy Rodeo – a sport that is based on the skills of cowboys or vaqueros Religion Roman Catholic Architecture Home – hacienda Presidio – fort Aceqias – wells (aquifer) Adobe – brick Arch – style of architecture Food Tortillas – flat bread made of corn Tamales – dumpling made of corn flour and meat Arts Corridos – ballad Frescos – mural painting found in Catholic churches Tejano Music – music that originated from the cultural convergence of Spanish, German, Czech, and Polish music and instruments

The End!!