Ch. 1 : Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology Bases on 9th ed. Fundamentals of Anatomy and physiology by Martini/Nath/Bartholomew Ch. 1 : Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology

Physiology IF, THEN OBSERVATIONS, LOGICAL Connections Cell physiology – cell functions at the chemical and molecular levels Organ physiology – specific organs ; cardiac function Things like stroke volume and cardiac output Systemic physiology – cardiovascular physiology Blood pressure involves the heart, lungs and kidneys Pathological physiology – effects of disease on the function of organs or systems. Comparing normal functioning with that of disease state

Good Study Strategies PARTICIPATE ASK QUESTIONS Read the book Use the online resources Make flash cards Take ‘good’ notes – ones that make sense to you Use a variety of methods – learn those that work for you Do the HW assignments Handout on study strategies; also on website; based on pg 3, check pt pg 4

Separate MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Hand Out Anatomy & Physiology History back 1500 years “Structures and Functions” Anatomy is Greek for ‘to cut open’; study structures and their relationships to each other; both internal and external features. Which muscles attach to which bones, with what tendons and at what points… who – what – where – size – shape – location, etc Physiology is also Greek. It refers to how functions are performed. How does a muscle actually contract (in order to move a bone)? This would be how and why. “Specific functions are performed by specific structures.” Separate MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Hand Out Check pt. pg 5 and Medical Terminology handout

Anatomy DETAILS Gross Anatomy (aka Macroscopic) Gross means “large” or “whole” Surface anatomy – general form Regional anatomy – spatial relationships Systemic anatomy – organs and organ systems * Developmental anatomy - embryology Clinical anatomy – lots of areas used in medical field Microscopic Anatomy Cytology – focus on cells Histology – focus on tissues * Know the 11 organ systems (Integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, lymphatic, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, reproductive and urinary)

Levels of Organization Chemical ( molecule) – even at this level form determines function… electrons, bond type and bond angle, 3D shapes of molecules like enzymes Cellular – phosphate and lipids give properties to things like CM and phospholipid bilayer Tissue – collection of cells working to perform one function Organ – two or more tissues working in combination System * know 11 systems with organs and functions Organism * Organ systems handout with pg 8 -9

Spotlight figure 1.1 Levels of Organization Pgs. 8 -9 Systems, organs and functions will be on quiz

Homeostasis and Feedback Homeostasis => existence of a stable internal environment, even when external conditions vary “Homeostatic regulation” is adjusting physiological reactions so the body can respond to both normal and abnormal conditions. Autoregulation: (aka intrinsic) if oxygen levels decrease in a tissue, cells will release chemicals that cause local blood vessels to dilate (expand) - more blood = more O2 Extrinsic regulation: nervous and/or endocrine systems cause changes in other systems. After you eat blood is diverted to digestive system organs to absorb nutrients and away from other systems Feedback loops ( pg. 11)

More feedback Negative Feedback is a response used to counteract the current state Ex: runner is too hot ( body tem over 98.6) so you sweat and dilate blood vessels – red skin; lots of blood near surface so heat can cause water to evaporate. Temp gets lower and lower and lower until it is normal. Positive Feedback is a response that keeps increasing the current state. Rarely used in everyday biological reactions Ex: clotting (pg 14) , labor and lactation State of Equilibrium or Dynamic Equilibrium

Anatomical Terms - regions Superficial = near the surface Landmarks used to relate terms; brachium means arm, so brachial artery and brachialis muscle are both found in the arm Position – standard anatomical position is arms at side, palms forward, feet together. Supine, laying face up Prone, laying face down Regions …. Worksheets (there are several plus a lab)

Anatomical Terms - sections Work sheets and pages16 – 21 Vocab lists for Ch. 1 and Ch. 2

Turnitin.com Assignment for Anatomy Choose a disease or clinical condition Check with me that other students haven’t already claimed your topic Read 5-8 articles on the subject You are required to do 5; 7 and 8 are extra credit Write a review of each article in the form of an Annotated Bibliography Alphabetical Summarize C/C to other articles and relate to class topics See sample on website Will be due Monday March 14, 2016

Clinical Notes and Reading Read examples on pgs. 6 and 12 And additional reading – summarize one article about a disease condition related to organs, tissues or feedback. Use Gale through media center to get to academic journals This will be part of turnitin.com assignment in December  Article about a disease/disorder/condition Article about one way to treat (address) the disease 2nd article about an alternative approach Paper that compares and contrasts the treatments; side effects; success rates, costs, etc.