Papers are due Friday, June 16 by e-mail: keneckert@hanyang.ac.kr Papers should be 900 words Papers should be correct MLA format Papers should have quotations from at least three English-language secondary sources (Korean ones are fine in addition to three English ones) Papers should have an MLA Works Cited list Part of the paper grade will be based on quoted evidence

What I’m worried about: Two types of ‘Shoveling”

Shoveling A: Papers which describe but have no argument What the ‘thesis’ is: In this paper I want to talk about x in the novel. What the essay looks like to the professor: “In this paper I want to discuss some stuff and then talk about other things and then write some more about more ideas and stuff.”

Make sure your paper is about the novel, play, or poem(s)! Be sure to link your discussion to the texts—if your subject is ‘love’ in a play, make sure you discuss love in the play. Evidence. Provide examples and quotations from the text and from books or websites about the text. MLA style Be clear. Korean is a high-context language; English is a low context language. 배고파요: “stomach empty?” 포도가 맛있어요: “grape delicious is?”

English 3012 After Shakespeare

Shakespeare dies: April 23, 1616 - Retired and living in Stratford-upon-Avon - On March 25, 1616, signed his will with a “shaky” signature - A vicar’s report in 1661: “Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Jonson had a merry meeting, and it seems drank too hard; for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted.” True or false?

Shakespeare’s tomb, Holy Trinity Church Still a mystery-- Shakespeare’s will - Leaves his wife (d. 1623) their ‘second best bed’ - Leaves £150 to each of his daughters, more than £380,000 today. - Shakespeare’s son Hamnet died young, but his daughters lived

England after Shakespeare English civil war (1642-51) between parliament and Charles I Charles I executed for treason in 1648 The “Protectorate” rule by Puritan Oliver Cromwell Cromwell dies 1658; protectorate fails and Charles II invited to throne 1660 (Restoration) Brief war again in 1688; James II deposed; William III invited from Netherlands

English Theatre Declines The Puritans are strict Christians and close the theatres in 1642. When they reopen in 1660, the great age of theatre is gone. Restoration theatre continues but is less of a force in literature. The rise of literacy makes reading a more private activity.

The English Enlightenment As the power of the royal court shrinks, science and technology become more prominent in England in the 1700s. Although the novel form expands, it is not a productive period for literature. Satire and nonfiction are popular after the religious wars of the 17th century.

The novel in England Novels existed in some form in ancient Rome, Arabia, China, and India, and in early modern Europe, but did not spread to England until the 1600s with the growth of printing. The first modern novel in English is considered Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719). Novels rejected older aristocratic poetic forms; they were popular with a mass audience and were cheap and easy to read. As they were usually read privately, they tend to deal with the growth and development of personal experience.

Shakespeare: Late 1600s - Shakespeare provided ready-to-go scripts when the theaters were reopened in 1660 - The plays were not performed very faithfully; some were made into operas or masques, or dances

Shakespeare: 1700s - Some of the scripts were changed and made more sentimental or given happy endings - Shakespeare criticism of the plays as literary texts emerges, taking the writings more seriously - Shakespearean dirty puns and jokes become more controversial

Shakespeare: 1800s - The romantic and academic adoration of Shakespeare (what was called ‘bardolatry’) grows - Plays sometimes remove dirty parts; costumes and sets become lavish - Electric lights and photography are introduced

Shakespeare: 1900s - But sometimes ‘updated’ into modernized settings - More respect for authentic performance and language - But sometimes ‘updated’ into modernized settings - After WWII, Merchant of Venice not shown for a while - Scholarly journals and books expand in size

Shakespeare: 1900s The Tempest (1908)

Shakespeare: 2000s - Still the most produced and filmed author in the English language - Postmodern critical ‘challenges’: feminism, New Historicism, African-American studies, and queer studies - Controversies about Shylock and Caliban - Kenneth Branagh films - New Macbeth (2015)