SYMPTOMS | DIAGNOSIS | TREATMENT MALE BREAST CANCER SYMPTOMS | DIAGNOSIS | TREATMENT

OVERVIEW OF MALE BREAST CANCER Male breast cancer is rare, with an annual incidence of 1.1 in 100,000. The presentation of breast cancer differs in males and females, In men, it is usually found near the nipple and is a hard nontender mass, with more frequent involvement of lymph nodes. The biology of the disease differ in men and women as well. Male breast cancer is mainly invasive ductal carcinoma, and lobular cancer is not found in men. No randomized trails have been conducted to guide therapy In the absence of hard data, diagnosis and treatment mostly follow that of female breast cancer.

SYMPTOMS OF MALE BREAST CANCER If you notice any regular changes to your breasts, consult a doctor immediately. Some symptoms to look out for include: A lump felt in the breast Nipple pain An inverted nipple Clear or bloody nipple discharge Sores on the nipple and areola (the small ring of color around the center of the nipple) Enlarged lymph nodes under the arm

DIAGNOSIS OF MALE BREAST CANCER Diagnosis of male breast cancer involves the following procedures: Mammogram: A mammogram is an X-ray picture of the breast. Images are clicked of the breast after it is compressed between two glass plates. A radiologist will examine the pictures for any abnormality. Nipple discharge examination: A sample of your nipple discharge may be collected and examined under a microscope to check for the presence of cancer cells.

DIAGNOSIS OF MALE BREAST CANCER Ultrasound: Ultrasound sends high-frequency sound waves through your breast and converts them into images on a viewing screen. If an abnormality is detected during mammography, then ultrasound is the best way to find whether the abnormality is solid or fluid-filled. Biopsy: A biopsy differentiates between a normal tissue and cancer tissue. If cancer is present, it helps your doctor determine the size, type, and kind of breast cancer. Biopsies are performed when the doctor is suspicious of any abnormality. 4

TREATMENTS OF MALE BREAST CANCER In order to select the best treatment option, your doctor considers your cancer's stage, your overall health and your preferences. In most cases of male breast cancer, surgery is performed along with other treatments.  Surgery: The aim of surgery is to remove the tumor and surrounding breast tissue in one of the two processes, i.e. removal of breast tissue and surrounding lymph nodes (modified radical mastectomy) and removal of one lymph node for testing (sentinel lymph node biopsy).

TREATMENTS OF MALE BREAST CANCER Radiation therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. In male breast cancer radiation therapy may be used post surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells in the breast, chest muscles or armpit. Chemotherapy: Different drugs are used in chemotherapy to kill cancer cells. These medications may be administered intravenously, orally or by both methods. Chemotherapy is usually given after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells. Hormone Therapy: Hormone therapy for male breast cancer often involves the medication tamoxifen, which is also used for women. This therapy is recommended by the doctor when male breast cancer has tumors that are hormone-sensitive.

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