Cell Cycle & Cancer, DNA Structure & Replication Day 3 Cell Cycle & Cancer, DNA Structure & Replication

Day 3: (WEDNESDAY/ THURSDAY): CONCEPTS: Cell Cycle & Cancer, DNA Structure & Replication Quiz over Day 2 Review Cell Cycle & Mitosis (manipulative pictures), Cancer Review Packet # 35-39 DNA Structure Packet #40-44 DNA Replication Practice Packet #45-47 MOC STAAR QUESTIONS: 20, 52, 16, 24, 33, 41

Cell Cycle and Cancer Draw a circle on your desk like this: * Fill in as much as you know about the cell cycle.

CELL CYCLE

What are the 3 steps of Interphase?

3 parts of INTERPHASE G1 S G2

Where in the Cell cycle does DNA replicate?

DNA replication takes place in the “S” (Synthesis) Phase

What is Mitosis?

Mitosis is the division of the NUCLEUS.

What are the phases of Mitosis?

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase **Remember PMAT 

PROPHASE

Prophase: 1st Phase of mitosis 1. DNA coils & becomes chromosomes 2. Spindle forms and attachs to centrioles Centrioles move to opposite ends of cell Nuclear membrane breaks down Preparation

Move to the Middle Metaphase Centromere of each chromosome pair attachs to a spindle fiber Spindle fibers move chromosomes so they line up across middle of the cell This is a title slide for this presentation Move to the Middle

Apart and Away Anaphase 1. Spindle fibers shorten pulling individual chromatids apart and away from each other to opposite ends of the cell where the centrioles are. This is a title slide for this presentation Apart and Away

Two new nuclei Telophase 1. Chromosomes begin to uncoil 2. Nuclear membrane reforms around each new set of chromosomes Two new nuclei This is a title slide for this presentation

Cell Division: Cytokinesis Cytokinesis “division of the cytoplasm”. It is the physical separation of the cytoplasm into two new daughter cells. It is the end of cell division.

Cytokinesis In animal cells, the cell membrane pinches in two. In plant cells, a cell plate (A) forms across the middle which becomes the new membrane and where the cell wall forms. This is a title slide for this presentation

What Phase Of the Cell Cycle Is It? B C Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis D E F Interphase Metaphase Prophase

CANCER is the caused by uncontrolled cellular division. Typically, most cells don’t divide unless it is for repair or maintenance. A protein called cyclin controls the rate of cell division. If this protein is missing or “broken” then the cell becomes cancerous.

Cancerous cells keep dividing; crowding out and stealing nutrients from healthy tissue. Cancer “kills” when a mass of cancer cells called a tumor interferes with the functions of major organs.

GET OUT YOUR GREEN PACKET… Complete # 35-39

GET OUT YOUR GREEN PACKET… 35A- G1 35B- S (Synthesis) 35C- G2 35D- Prophase 35E- Metaphase 35F- Anaphase 35G- Telophase

GET OUT YOUR GREEN PACKET… 36. G1, S, G2 37. “S” phase (synthesis” 38. Cells are damaged and need to be repaired or they are dying or already dead. 39. Cancer

DNA Chargaffs Rule: Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine

Double Helix These nucleotides are arranged in the shape of a double helix (a two-sided, twisted ladder.) Notice Chargaff’s Base Pairing Rule: A-T and C-G How many nucleotides do you see? Who was responsible for the first double helix model?

DNA NAME Deoxyribonucleic Acid TYPE OF SUGAR Deoxyribose NITROGEN BASES Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine SHAPE Double Helix

Where Does Replication Occur? …in the nucleus ALL DNA activities take place there.

Step 1 of DNA Replication (DOUBLE HELIX) Partner Share - What happened between diagram 1 and diagram 2? Diagram 1 Answer: The weak hydrogen bonds are broken by the enzyme DNA unwinds and unzips Diagram 2 Enzyme

Step 2 of DNA Replication (UNWIND) Partner Share - What is happening now? Answer: Free floating nucleotides in the nucleus attach to the exposed New bonds form Replication Fork

(SEPERATE) Partner Share - What is the end product of DNA Replication? What does “Old” and “New” refer to in the diagram?

REPLICATE Answer- 2 identical copies of DNA are made “Old” is part of the original DNA strand “New” is the new strand made during the process

What is the complementary DNA stand for the DNA strand below? A T G C C T A T C T A G G C G T A T A

What is the complementary DNA stand for the DNA strand below? A T G C C T A T C T A G G C G T A T A T A C G G A T A G A T C C G C A T A T

Nitrogen Bases are held together by…

Hydrogen Bonds

GET OUT YOUR GREEN PACKET… Complete # 40-47

GET OUT YOUR GREEN PACKET… 40. Cytosine, Thymine 41. TACGGTCCA 42. Hydrogen Bonds 43. Sugar, phosphates 44. DNA, Nucleic Acids, Double Helix 45. Double Helix, Unwind, Separate, Replicate 46. 2 identical strands of DNA 47. S phase (in interphase)

MOC STAAR QUESTIONS * 20, 52, 16, 24, 33, 41