De-Escalation NON-VIOLENT PHYSICAL CRISIS INTERVENTION: DE-ESCALATION TRAINING Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) Power point template opening slide Cheryl Fischer MS, LPC-S Program Specialist, 504s and MDRs Ameet Bosmia EdS, NCSP School Psychologist

NON-VIOLENT PHYSICAL CRISIS INTERVENTION: DE-ESCALATION TRAINING Crisis Prevention Institute (CPI) Aiken County Public School District (ACPSD) Cheryl Fischer, MS, LPC Program Specialist – 504s and MDRs cfischer@acpsd.net aiken county public school district

Essential Question How can I use both verbal and nonverbal techniques to safely de- escalate behavior? aiken county public school district

Outcomes As a result of attending this session, participants will be able to: Identify the levels of crisis development and the appropriate staff responses for each; Identify verbal and nonverbal techniques to prevent acting out behaviors; Gain an understanding of the role of precipitating factors and rational detachment. aiken county public school district

WHAT Is Crisis Prevention Intervention “CPI”? CPI Training: Focuses on learning skills to enable you to defuse a potentially violent individual BEFORE they become assaultive. It is a two day training Recognized world wide Offered throughout the school year To register, call 641-2624 aiken county public school district

BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF THE INTERGRATED EXPERIENCE The concept that our behaviors and attitudes impact the behaviors and attitudes of those around us and vice versa. By changing our behaviors and attitudes in any situation, we can influence the behaviors and attitudes of others. aiken county public school district

CPI CRISIS DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL Integrated Experience Crisis Development Staff Attitudes/Responses 1) Anxiety 1) Supportive 2) Defensive 2) Directive 3) Acting out person 3) Non-violent Physical Crisis Intervention 4) Tension reduction 4) Therapeutic rapport *We will not be covering the “Acting out Person  Non-Violent Physical Crisis Intervention” stages. This information involves training provided in a 2 day seminar. To Nonverbal Behavior aiken county public school district

CPI CRISIS DEVELOPMENT MODEL INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Crisis Development Staff Attitudes/Responses 1) Anxiety A noticeable increase or decrease in a person’s behavior Examples: Pacing Finger drumming Writing of the hands Staring 1) Supportive Acknowledging that change in behavior and being of assistance An empathetic, non-judgmental approach attempting to alleviate anxiety aiken county public school district

Back to CPI Crisis Developmental Model EMPATHIC LISTENING EMPATHIC LISTENING: Active process to discern what a person is saying Key elements of empathic listening: 1. Be non-judgmental. 2. Undivided attention. 3. Listen for the real message. 4. Allow silence for reflection. 5. Use restatement to clarify messages. Back to CPI Crisis Developmental Model aiken county public school district

CPI CRISIS DEVELOPMENT MODEL INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Crisis Development Staff Attitudes/Responses 2) Defensive The beginning state of loss of rationality. At this stage, the individual becomes belligerent and verbally challenges authority. Examples: Cussing Name calling Verbal threats 2) Directive An approach in which a staff member takes control of a potentially escalating situation by setting limits, restating directives aiken county public school district

CRISIS DEVELOPMENT MODEL INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Crisis Development Staff Attitudes/Responses 4) Tension Reduction Decrease in physical and emotional energy output, which occurs after a person has acted out Characterized by regaining of rationality Individual calms down 4) Therapeutic Rapport An attempt to re-establish communication with an individual who is in the tension reduction stage aiken county public school district

NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR Proxemics (Personal Space): The area around an individual that is comfortable (1 – 3 feet) Space seen as an extension of one’s self Things that make a difference in one’s proxemics Gender Height Attitude Facing someone Seated vs. Standing Culture What else? How about personal information? Kinesics (Body Language): The way we communicate non-verbally through body language, posture, expression, motion, etc. aiken county public school district

NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR PROXEMICS (Personal Space) EXERCISE: Form two lines facing each other Demonstration One line approach the other letting the approaching line know when to stop Reverse roles Describe feelings aiken county public school district

NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR KINESICS (Body Language) EXERCISE: Two lines facing each other with different partners Demonstration Approach partner, stopping one leg length away Take a large step toward partner and hold for 6 seconds Take a small step toward partner and hold for 6 seconds *Take one step back and pivot to side, forming L- shape with partner. This is the CPI supportive stance. Describe feelings & behaviors Reverse roles aiken county public school district

NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR REASONS FOR USING STANCE: 1. Safety 2. Respect 3. Non-challenging (or threatening) aiken county public school district

PARAVERBAL COMMUNICATION How we say what we say The link between verbal and nonverbal The vocal part of speech, excluding the actual words one uses Paraverbal communication helps us not send mixed messages Paraverbal communication is to the spoken word, what punctuation is to the written word aiken county public school district

PARAVERBAL COMMUNICATION THREE COMPONENTS OF PARAVERBAL COMMUNICATION: 1. TONE Avoid inflections of impatience, condescension, inattention, etc. 2. VOLUME Appropriate for distance and situation 3. CADENCE Use an even rate and rhythm; slow down speech and slow down thought processes aiken county public school district

PARAVERBAL COMMUNICATION PARAVERBAL COMMUNICATION EXERCISE: Tone Volume Cadence What are some of your experiences with each of these components of paraverbal communication? What is the relationship between paraverbal communication and an individual escalating? How does an individual’s paraverbal communication sign affect appropriate staff responses on the crises development continuum? aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Verbal Escalation Stage Staff Intervention/Response 1) Questioning Two Types of Questions: 1) Information Seeking 2) Challenging 1) Answer information seeking questions 2) Ignore challenging questions and redirect and set limits aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Verbal Escalation Stage Staff Intervention/Response 2) Refusal Non-compliance Slight loss of rationalization Redirect and set limits Be mindful of your proxemics and kinesics as it can either escalate or de-escalate a situation aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Verbal Escalation Stage Staff Intervention/Response 3) Release Acting-out, emotional outburst Loss of rationalization Venting Screaming Sweating HIGH energy output Allow venting Remove audience or acting out individual When the individual calms down and is responsive, state directives Enforce limits aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Verbal Escalation Stage Staff Intervention/Response 4) Intimidation Two Types of Intimidation: 1) Verbal 2) Non-verbal 1) Seek assistance 2) Take all threats seriously 3) Document, document, document aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Verbal Escalation Stage Staff Intervention/Response 5) Tension Reduction Decrease in emotional and physical energy Re-establish communication and therapeutic rapport Is this a good time to present a disciplinary referral or verbally reprimand the individual? aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM KEYS TO SETTING LIMITS: Setting limits offers a person choices and states the consequences of those choices Offer positive choices and consequences first Allow time to process (recall the loss of rationality) Limits are most effective when they are: 1) Simple/Clear 2) Reasonable 3) Enforceable Back to Verbal Escalation Continuum aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM VERBAL INTERVENTION TIPS AND TECHNIQUES THAT WORK: Give time to process Remain calm Give an out Non-confrontational Explain Isolate the situation Be realistic Empathy Restate directives Redirect and set limits Listen Be aware of both self and individual’s non-verbals (proxemics and kinesics) Be consistent aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM VERBAL INTERVENTION TIPS AND TECHNIQUES THAT MIGHT WORK: Humor Sarcasm Touch aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM VERBAL INTERVENTION TIPS AND TECHNIQUES DOESN’T WORK: Overreacting Getting into power struggles Yelling Begging Being threatening Preaching Making false promises Name-calling Faking attention Using jargon (confuses and frustrates) aiken county public school district

VERBAL ESCALATION CONTINUUM EMPATHIC LISTENING: Active process of discerning what a person is saying Key Elements of Empathetic Listening: 1. Be non-judgmental. 2. Allow silence for reflection. 3. Give undivided attention. 4. Use restatement to clarify messages 5. Listen for the real message Back to CPI Crisis Developmental Model aiken county public school district

PRECIPITATING FACTORS, RATIONAL DETACHMENT, INTEGRATED EXPERIENCE Internal or external causes of an acting out behavior over which a staff member has little or no control What are some examples of precipitating factors? Work within your groups and present ideas aiken county public school district

PRECIPITATING FACTORS Home Environment Abuse, Neglect <DSS Reporting> Food (lack of, too much, or junk food) Lack of sleep Other caregivers in home-boyfriends, grandparents, stepparents Medical problems Kids that work No stable or adequate place to live Divorce Death Parents in jail aiken county public school district

PRECIPITATING FACTORS Medication (not taking it, not having it, taking too much) Parental Involvement (too little, too much) Latch Key Children Excessive Absences Too much responsibility on kids, on school Loss of Personal Power Need to Maintain Self-Esteem Fear, Failure Learning Disabilities Attention-Seeking Displaced Anger Psychological Causes Full Moon aiken county public school district

RATIONAL DETACHMENT RATIONAL DETACHMENT: The ability to remain calm and professional, in control of your behavior and not take the acting out behavior personally. Can’t control precipitating factors, but can control own responses to acting out behaviors. Maintain professional attitude so can control the situation without overreacting. Find positive outlets for negative energy absorbed from acting out person. aiken county public school district

WAYS TO HELP RATIONAL DETACHMENT PREVENTION: Exercise Hobbies Crisis Plan Time Out Sports Vacation Vent with Friends Driving Music Massage Training Fun with Family aiken county public school district

WAYS TO HELP RATIONAL DETACHMENT INTERVENTION: Whose mud puddle (issue) is it? Self-talk Breathe Avoid power struggle Leave other problems at the door Take a step back Get help: Use the team Implement plan aiken county public school district

WAYS TO HELP RATIONAL DETACHMENT POSTVENTION: Debrief and focus on good and bad and how to improve Celebrate successes Documentation Let it go!!! More training and practice Evaluate plans again aiken county public school district

POSTVENTION Re-establish communication with student Determine if they are calm and in control Discuss what happened Identify triggers Agree on alternative behaviors This is your teachable moment! aiken county public school district

Questions Cheryl Fischer, Program Specialist for 504 and MDR Cfischer@acpsd.net 803-641-2624 Ameet Bosmia, School Psychologist abosmia@acpsd.net aiken county public school district