Data challenges in Earthquake Seismology Torild van Eck (ORFEUS, FDSN, NERIES) ORFEUS NGO (since 1987) www.orfeus-eu.org Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology FDSN NGO www.fdsn.org International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks NERIES EC-Research Infrastructure (I3) Project FP6 www.neries-eu.org Network of European Research Infrastructures for Earthquake Seismology EPOS European Plate Observing System www.epos-eu.org European Strategy Forum Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) roadmap Long-term (top-down) RI strategy and business plan. 1 1

European and global coordination in earthquake seismology IUGG / IASPEI (Global) International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth ESC (EuroMed) European Seismological Commission FDSN (global) International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (EuroMed) Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology European Mediterranean Seismological Center Board of Directors Executive Committee Participants Assembly of all members Coordination bureau Executive Council GEO - Group on Earth Observations

Some data challenges in Earthquake Seismology Earthquake Monitoring since around 1895 International data exchange and standards established early on. Seismological data analysis since around 1950 Signal processing, tomography, ambient noise imaging, … Advanced computer analysis early on. Data challenges on the observational side: Gathering – monitoring, transfer, storage, Analysis – real-time, information processing, Quality – metadata, Quality Control, formatting standards, Access – archival and distribution, Data challenges on the modelling side: Wave propagation through complex media Rupture process modelling in inhomogeneous media

More recent data challenges in Earthquake Seismology Matching modelling and observation Waveform inversion (large amounts of data and computational resources) Rapid (near-real-time) data analysis Rapid earthquake warning (seconds) Tsunami warning (seconds to hours) Rapid earthquake information (seconds to hours) Broad data access and availability (educational and scientific) Data provenance, quality, Integrated visualisation and computing facilities Data management, exchange, Distributed resources Combining data archives, computational resources, shared analysis tools

Monitoring infrastructure: seismological networks Data ownership: National monitoring interests (hazard, warning, etc) Regional Coordination: Parameter data EMSC Waveform data ORFEUS Current projects: NERIES (EU) GEOFON (GR) GEOSCOPE (FR) MEDNET (I) ~4’000 stations >180 networks

Accelerometer networks and data Total: 3,868 stations 1,402 free field 1,905 on struct 233 on dam 20 boreholes 7 7

Virtual European Broadband Seismic Network (VEBSN) (near)Real-time Data exchange Contributors: >53 networks Data archival: at ODC Coordination + EC funding: MEREDIAN (EU) NERIES (EU) NERA proposal (EU) ORFEUS (NGO) Progress: ~ 50 stations/yr Status January 2010 ~ 450 BB stations

OBS deployments and data integration IPGP INGV AWI 30 June 2008 NERIES second Annual meeting 9 9 9

Global earth models and (waveform) Tomography Waveform forward modelling and observation analysis Courtesy, SPICE project (EC) Seismic wave Propagation and Imaging in Complex media: a European network

Tools: European Reference model Shear-wave speed variation 11 11

Earthquake rupture modelling Strong motion modelling http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/nca/simulations/shakeout/ Courtesy: .US Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center

Seismic imaging using seismic noise Example for the Alpine region in Europe Group velocity Map Rayleigh Waves (5 sec) Moho depth in the Alpine region 3500 paths with reliable group Velocity. Number of paths crossing each ‘cell’ Stehly et al, 2008

Tools: Real Time Hazard and Rapid warning NERIES JRA2 SHARE/GEM SAFER WP2/5 NERIES JRA3 Earthquake Long-term Hazard mapping Long-Term Forecasting Short-Term Forecasting Early Warning ShakeMaps & Rapid Loss Assessment Aftershock Hazard decades years days seconds days years 14 14 14 14

Loss estimation software: ELER Tools: Shake & Loss-maps Loss estimation software: ELER 15 15 15 15

Global hierarchical Net.DC

European Integrated Waveform Data Archive (EIDA) GEVN (Global) IOTWS/NEAMTWS Temp. Nets VEBSN EIDAC Architecture ODC Sync GFZ Multi-national Data Archives & Portals Wilber, BreQFast, Web services Portlets/portal, etc. FDSN/IRIS User SeedLink/ArcLink Network .... INGV IPGP National Data Archives & Portals Real-Time Data Offline Data Temp. Net Data ArcLink Requests Italian Networks French Networks GEOFON/GFZ

Integrated Earthquake data access: Portal and web services “Waveform Explorer” Remote Portlet Multi Modal waveform requests, Event or Time Modes Composition of datasets by the aggregation of distributed data sources within interactive mashups JMS (Java message service) Carts Local store “Event Explorer” Jetspeed Portlet Seismic Events Selection User Events Cart Ws Users` Waveform Requests scheduling (JMS) www.seismicportal.eu

Some perspective in data and computations High quality (Broadband data) low estimate ~ 100 TB/year Mobile experiments low estimate ~ 100 TB/year Acceleration (engineering) data ~ 500 TB/year Other observations (SP, experimental, etc) ~ 200 TB/year Computations: Seismological Waveform modelling on computer clusters: Beowulf (CalTech) for example Supercomputers: EarthSimulator (JAMSTEC, Japan) for example Earth Simulator 2 JAMSTEC CITerra, CALTECH

On-going initiatives in Europe: Data Research Infrastructure for earthquake seismology EC Infrastructure projects www.neries-eu.org 2000 – 2006 MEREDIAN, virtual European seismic network 2006 – 2010 NERIES, distributed archives and webservices 2011 – 2015 NERA, integrated seismology and engineering Emphasis: Earthquake seismology data for seismologists. European Plate Observing System (EPOS) ESFRI 2008 plan www.epos-eu.org Research Infrastructure and E-Science for Data and Observatories on Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Surface Dynamics and Tectonics. NERIES conceptual phase Current emphasis: Earthquake seismology data for earthscientists. Establishing collaboration between IT and earthsciences

On-going initiatives in Europe: Analysis Computational seismology Marie Curie, training networks, ERC projects - 2005 – 2009 SPICE, software coordination 2009 – 2012 QUEST, training new seismologists 2009 – 2013 WHISPER, ambient noise imaging Emphasis: Forward modelling and inversion. European Plate Observing System (EPOS) ESFRI 2008 plan www.epos-eu.org Research Infrastructure and E-Science for Data and Observatories on Earthquakes, Volcanoes, Surface Dynamics and Tectonics. Current emphasis: Integrated modelling and analysis. Establishing collaboration between IT and earthsciences

Facilitate data integration and access Lab-seismology--geodesy--geology 22

Competitiveness towards EC level funding Users, science, education, public Ocean observation infrastructures, EMSO, ESONET, .... Satellite observation infrastructure GMES, GEOSS, ... ........... ............ European Plate Observing System Interface User Permanent Networks Temporary deployments In-situ Observatories Volcano Experimental Laboratories Data mining archiving Analytical Computational Facilities (HPC, GRID) EPOS infrastructure concept 23 23

The European E-science strategy in earthquake Seismology Towards realising The European E-science strategy in earthquake Seismology www.orfeus-eu.org www.neries-eu.org www.epos-eu.org Data challenges in seismology has become a challenge to integrate efficiently new IT developments into earthquake seismology research