Women in the US Master LEA 1 http://johncmullen.blogspot.com (Thanks to Amy Wells)

1) In what year did women in the United States win the right to vote 1) In what year did women in the United States win the right to vote? 2) Which was the first state to grant women the vote in presidential elections? 3) Why were women arrested and force-fed in prison in 1917? 4) What was the margin of victory when the 19th Amendment was finally passed by the U.S. Congress? 5) In which year did English women get the vote? 6) In which year did French women get the vote?

Answers 1) 1920 2) 72 3) Susan B. Anthony 4) Wyoming 5) They had protested (picketed the White House) 6) 1 vote 7) 1918/1928 8) 1945

Throughout early American history women were seen as virtuous protectors of American ideals - liberty, freedom and righteousness. Despite this women lacked many legal rights during this time; they lack property rights, voting rights, the right to serve on juries, etc. The early Women’s Movement sought equal rights to men both in the law and the workplace.

The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious Revivalism] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Temperance Education Abolitionism Asylum & Penal Reform Women’s Rights

Early 19c Women Unable to vote. Legal status of a minor. Single --> could own her own property. Married --> no control over her property or her children. Could not initiate divorce. Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Women’s Rights 1840 --> split in the abolitionist movement over women’s role in it. London --> World Anti-Slavery Convention Lucretia Mott Elizabeth Cady Stanton 1848 --> Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments

Cult of Domesticity = Slavery The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women to improve society. Lucy Stone Angelina Grimké Sarah Grimké American Women’s Suffrage Assoc. edited Woman’s Journal Southern Abolitionists R2-9

Seneca Falls Declaration Susan B. Anthony on Marriage and Slavery “The married women and their legal status. What is servitude? “The condition of a slave.” What is a slave? “A person who is robbed of the proceeds of his labor; a person who is subject to the will of another…” I submit the deprivation by law of ownership of one’s own person, wages, property, children, the denial of right as an individual, to sue and be sued, to vote, and to testify in the courts, is a condition of servitude most bitter and absolute, though under the sacred name of marriage. Seneca Falls Declaration

Women’s Rights Movement 1848: Feminist reform led to Seneca Falls Convention Significance: launched modern women’s rights movement Established the arguments and the program for the women’s rights movement for the remainder of the century

SENECA FALLS The first Woman’s rights movement was in Seneca Falls, New York in 1849…… Educational and professional opportunities Property rights Legal equality repeal of laws awarding the father custody of the children in divorce. Suffrage rights

SENECA FALLS The following is an excerpt from the Seneca Falls Declaration written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

SENECA FALLS We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men and women are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness; that to secure these rights governments are instituted, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed……

SENECA FALLS The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over her. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world…. He has made her, if married, in the eye of the law, civilly dead. He has taken from all right in property, even to the wages she earns.

SENECA FALLS He has made her, morally, an irresponsible being, as she can commit many crimes with impunity, provided they be done in the presence of her husband. In the covenant of marriage, she is compelled to promise obedience to her husband, he becoming, to all intents and purposes, her master; the law giving him power to deprive her of her liberty, and to administer chastisement.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony Jane Addams Carrie Nation Margaret Sanger Seneca Falls Convention; Women’s Suffrage Women’s Suffrage Founds Hull House Temperance Founds the American Birth Control League 1848 In 1920, the 19th Amendment is passed 1889 In 1919, the 20th Amendment is passed and prohibits alcohol 1921

AMENDMENT XV SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. SECTION 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 1871

Fifteenth Amendment, 1871 Granted African-American men the right to vote Many women who thought African American men and women would be enfranchised together were disappointed African Americans split over whether men should get vote before women

Sojourner Truth, 1869 “There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women . . . And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before.”

Before 1910 The women’s suffrage movement splits, but then unites in 1890 fusing into the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Two big strategies: Try to win suffrage state-by-state Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment (but this would need to be ratified by 36 states--or three-fourths)

Susan B. Anthony Susan B. Anthony tried several times to introduce an Amendment bill in the late 1800s, but it was always killed in the Senate. http://www.history.com/topics/womens-history/susan-b-anthony/videos/the-people-speak-3

Anti-Suffragists: Those who opposed suffrage (many “Anti’s” were women)

Arguments of Anti-Suffragists: Women were high-strung, irrational, emotional Women were not smart or educated enough Women should stay at home Women were too physically frail; they would get tired just walking to the polling station Women would become masculine if they voted

The Next Generation Elizabeth Cady Stanton died 1902 Susan B. Anthony died 1906 But in the early 1900s many young middle-class women were going to college and joining the suffrage movement Many working-class women also joined the cause, hoping the right to vote would help improve working conditions

Carrie Chapman Catt led the National American Woman Suffrage Association. She believed in: A Careful state-by-state strategy Supporting President Wilson even if he doesn’t outright support suffrage (Democrats were safer than Republicans) Acting ladylike & not embarrassing the movement Carrie Chapman Catt http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Carrie_Chapman_Catt.jpg/220px-Carrie_Chapman_Catt.jpg

National Woman’s Party Alice Paul led the National Woman’s Party. She believed in more aggressive strategies: Focused on passing a Constitutional Amendment Picked up un-ladylike strategies from British suffragists (e.g., heckling politicians, picketing) Refused to support President Wilson if he wouldn’t support woman suffrage NWP members were arrested for picketing in front of the White House; they were put in jail, went on a hunger strike and were force-fed National Woman’s Party http://media.nj.com/ledgerupdates_impact/photo/2010/03/alice-paul-nj-hall-of-famejpg-9573935d533400bc_large.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_program_-_Woman_suffrage_procession_March_3,_1913_-_crop.jpg

NWP Actions

American leader in the birth control movement She was convinced that her family planning was a necessary step in social progress. Indicted in 1915 for sending birth control information through the mail Arrested for conducting a birth control clinic in Brooklyn (1916) Clinic: 1923-1970 Formed the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control (Today’s Planned Parenthood) Margaret Sanger 1879–1966 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/MargaretSanger-Underwood.LOC.jpg

19th Amendment, 1920 “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” (Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify and it passed by only 1 vote)

Can a woman be President of the United States of America? The male-female double standard for political candidates, especially regarding media coverage http://www.cosmopolitan.com/politics/news/a57548/female-male-politicians-double-standards/ Is a woman physically strong enough? https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/12/the-pervasive-paranoia-of-hillary-clinton-strikes-again/ What does Chuck Norris think? Not only would her presidency be “Obama, the Sequel,” but she would be an unbridled, more powerful, mega-wealthy, powder-keg Obama personality. Read more: http://www.thepoliticalinsider.com/with-only-21-words-chuck-norris-nukes-hillary-clintons-2016-campaign-must-read/#ixzz4Ko6ixUCf Can a woman be President of the United States of America?

1921 Margaret Sanger founds the American Birth Control League

1922 First woman state senator Renecca Felton

1935 Mary Macleod Bethune founds National Council of Negro Women

Eugenie Anderson is appointed in 1949 US Ambassador by President Harry Truman

1955 founding of the organization « Daughters of Bilitis »

1957 Decoy: Police woman

1963

1963 Equal Pay Act

1965 Rachel Henderlite is the first woman ordained as a presbyterian minister

1966 Bobbi Gibb first woman to run Boston Marathon, though it was against the rules (until 1971)

1972 full launch of Ms magazine

1972 The Equal Rights Amendment to the US constitution is passed by congress, but not ratified by enough states (38 would have been necessary)

1973

1981 Despite the hate mail and the controversy, Sandra Day O Connor became the first woman supreme court judge

1983

1984 first woman to run for vice president on a major party ticket (Democratic party)

1987 First women inducted into the Rock n roll hall of fame

1994: the Violence againts women act tightens federal penalties, funds services for victims of rape and domestic violence

2007 Nancy Pelosi becomes the first woman speaker of the US House of Representatives

2012 Janet Wolfenbarger : first woman to become a four star general, in the US Air Force