Sinuses The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull

Sinuses The sinuses are air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull

Pharynx The pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity and between the nasal cavity and the larynx Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Superior Frontal sinus Middle Nasal conchae Inferior Sphenoidal sinus Nostril Pharyngeal tonsil Hard palate Nasopharynx Opening of auditory tube Uvula Palatine tonsil Tongue Oropharynx Lingual tonsil Epiglottis Hyoid bone Laryngopharynx Larynx Esophagus Trachea

Larynx The larynx is an enlargement in the airway superior to the trachea and inferior to the pharynx It is composed of a framework of muscles and cartilages bound by elastic tissue Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Epiglottis Hyoid bone False vocal cord Thyroid cartilage Glottis Cricoid cartilage True vocal cord (a) Hyoid bone Thyroid cartilage Cuneiform cartilage Epiglottis False vocal cord Corniculate cartilage Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Epiglottic cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage True vocal cord Cricoid cartilage Hyoid bone (b) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Posterior portion of tongue Thyroid cartilage False vocal cord Glottis True vocal cord Cricoid cartilage Corniculate cartilage Cuneiform cartilage Trachea (a) (a) Epiglottis Glottis Inner lining of trachea Hyoid bone (b) Epiglottic cartilage Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Trachea (c) c: © CNRI/PhotoTake (b)

Trachea Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. The trachea (windpipe) is a flexible cylindrical tube about 2.5 centimeters in diameter and 12.5 centimeters in length As it extends downward anterior to the esophagus and into the thoracic cavity, it splits into the right and left primary bronchi Larynx Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Cartilaginous ring Trachea Superior (upper) lobe bronchus Carina Left primary bronchus Right primary bronchus Superior (upper) lobe bronchus Inferior (lower) lobe bronchi Middle lobe bronchus 5

Bronchial Tree The bronchial tree consists of branched airways leading from the trachea to the microscopic air sacs in the lungs Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Larynx Trachea Right superior (upper) lobe Left superior (upper) lobe Right primary bronchus Secondary bronchus Tertiary bronchus Terminal bronchiole Right inferior (lower) lobe Left inferior (lower) lobe Right middle lobe Respiratory bronchiole Alveolar duct Alveolus 6

Lungs The right and left lungs are soft, spongy, cone-shaped organs in the thoracic cavity The right lung has three lobes and the left lung two lobes Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Thyroid cartilage Cricoid cartilage Clavicle Trachea Scapula Superior (upper) lobe of right lung Superior (upper) lobe of left lung Inferior (lower) lobe of left lung Middle lobe of right lung Inferior (lower) lobe of right lung Rib cartilage Sternum