VRU AGE and Road Safety Suzanne Meade

Introduction Who are VRU? Cyclist and Pedestrian - Unprotected vulnerable road users. Within these two groups there is an array of needs, utility and levels of participation. This presentation looks at VRU in terms of age and road safety. 1

Street design standards / Reduce car trips / health Carbon emissions Targets? obesity 23% Road Safety VRU ¼ casualties ageing population 2:1 workers Zero Vision ? Outcomes | policies living cities Street design standards / Population density urbanisation 75% living urban 2050 Across Europe, half of all car trips are less than three miles, a distance most people could happily cycle in about 20 minutes The rise of the e-bike means such trips are more possible even for older people, or those living in a hilly area Even with an assumption of the average bike weighing a hefty near-20kg, the study came up with an emissions rate for ordinary bikes of 21 grams of CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) per kilometre travelled. For e-bikes, the figure was barely more, at 22g/km. In contrast, the emissions for a car were 271g/km per person, and 101g/km for bus passengers. Cycle more Often 2 cool down the planet ! Quantifying CO2 savings of Cycling European Cycling Federation (ECF) in 2011 A similar study came out last week, from the New York-based Institute for Transportation and Development Policy and the University of California, Davis. This found that even e-bikes can often prove more energy efficient per passenger-kilometre than many rail systems. It concluded that a not-too-outrageous upshift in global cycling use – from a current 6% or so of all urban passenger miles to 11% in 2030 and 14% in 2050 – would cut overall emissions by 7% (in 2030) and then 11% (in 2050 children Reduce child deaths modal share Cycling (10%) 2020 travel plans Reduce car trips / health air quality premature/yr 15

VRU Safety – Disproportionate VRU Risk Mode Share (National Statistics for Scotland, 2015) 1% mvkm Casualty Proportion – STATS19 (Scottish Transport Statistics, 2016) 3

Overall Trend - 4

VRU Safety – Travel Varies with Age 5

VRU Safety - Risk Key 0-16 17-64 +65 Pedestrians Decreases after 10-14 Continued Decrease to 70+ Sharp risk increase. Cyclists (Per mvkm x 10 higher than car) Peak 10-14 Less risk Likely Increased risk Scottish 0-16 and 65+ Age Groups travel less compared to high bike mode share countries (Netherlands, Germany) 6

VRU +65 17% Scottish Pop. (increasing)Census 2011 Walk and Cycle less (- 50%) and shorter distance Avoid Traffic/ travel at lower speeds Injury outcome/recovery STATS19 05-14 Fatal Serious Injury Problem Locations Urban Slight Increase , Mostly Urban(Cyclists) Uncontrolled Junctions 23% KSI (Ped) Rural Mostly Rural (Cyclists) 7

VRU 0-16 (Children) 18% Scottish Pop. Global Drop casualties (29% of all) Walk and Cycle shorter distance Walk (4-11) 58% (12-18) 42% Primary cycling growth (2.4%), + 12 don’t cycle (0.7%) TATIS 2014 Table 15 2.5 times STATS19 05-14 Fatal Serious Injury Problem Locations Urban Decrease Decrease Urban (Cyclists & Peds) Links 1/3 KSI (Ped) on links, children crossing/playing Rural Cyclists little change Uncontrolled Junctions(Cyclists) 8

VRU 17-64 (Adults-Commuters) 65% Scottish Pop. Doubled (in some places 2001-2011) + More affluent +34% Hospital +25% Police Higher cycling speeds* Fatal Serious Injury Problem Locations Urban Marked Increase(Cyclists) Uncontrolled Junctions, Roundabouts & TL Rural Mostly Rural (Cyclists) Slight Increase (Cyclists) Marked increase & link (cyclists) Links(Cyclists) 9

Problem Areas for Age Groups Uncontrolled Crossings Cross-roads, T-Junction / Staggered T-Junctions, Pproportions of +65 at urban junctions Children on Links , proportionally higher than junctions Serious Injury increase mainly 17-64 over a relatively short time – Urban Junctions and Rural Links 10

How do we Compare? Key Scotland Netherlands (Secret to Success) Impact Mode Shares +65 17-64 0-16 Segregated Cycle Paths Very little Yes Space/mode share Rural Links Space/ mode share Traffic Calming WIP (20mph) Severity Urban Severity Urban Urban/Play Junction Treatment Traffic Lights(Yes) Priority(No) (75%) Cognitive/ Space Priority/ Experience/Space Traffic Education Driver/Cyclists Attitudes Experience Pro Cyclists Regulation No ?under reporting SiN ? ?Urban maybe 2% / 4 11

Protected Infra - Do we HAVE to wait? - 2007-2013 & Pop 500k - 12km to 152km - Risk reduced 50%(KSI/mvkm) - 3 to +16 million trips - Segregated paths caused change (Marques et al, 2017) 12 https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jan/28/seville-cycling-capital-southern-europe-bike-lanes

Conclusion Think 8-80, should be easy to follow, forgiving. Transformation to segregation doesn’t have to take a very longtime. A lot is possible. 13

Operation Close Pass Thankyou