Presentation topic Psoriasis Disease www.AssignmentPoint.com

psoriasis Definition Name of the causing bacteria Content Definition Name of the causing bacteria Common types of psoriasis Diagnosis causes Treatment prevention www.AssignmentPoint.com

Psoriasis: The name psoriasis is from Ancient Greek, meaning roughly "itching condition" (psora "itch" + -sis "action, condition"). Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system mistakes the skin cells as a pathogen, and sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. Psoriasis is not contagious. However, psoriasis has been linked to an increased risk of stroke, and treating high blood lipid levels may lead to improvement. www.AssignmentPoint.com

It was not until 1841 that the condition was finally given the name psoriasis by the Viennese dermatologist Ferdinand von Hebra . The name is derived from the Greek word psora which means to itch. It was during the 20th century that psoriasis was further differentiated into specific types. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Name of the causing bacteria: The three more common types of bacteria in normal and psoriasis skin were Firmicutes Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Among these phyla, actinobacteria was significantly more common in normal than psoriatic skin (16 vs 5%). www.AssignmentPoint.com

Common types of psoriasis : Plaque psoriasis This is the most common form, accounting for 80% of cases. Its symptoms are dry, red skin lesions, known as plaques, that are covered in silver scales. They normally appear on your elbows, knees, scalp and lower back but can appear anywhere on your body. The plaques can be itchy, sore or both. In severe cases, the skin around your joints may crack and bleed.  www.AssignmentPoint.com

Guttate psoriasis This normally occurs after a streptococcal throat infection and is more common among children and teenagers. It causes small (less than 1cm or 1/3 inch) drop-shaped sores on your chest, arms, legs and scalp. There is a good chance that guttate psoriasis will disappear completely, but some people go on to develop plaque psoriasis. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Scalp psoriasis This can occur on parts of your scalp or on the whole scalp. It causes red patches of skin covered in thick silvery-white scales. Some people find scalp psoriasis extremely itchy, while others have no discomfort. In extreme cases it can cause hair loss, although this is usually only temporary. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Nail psoriasis This affects your nails, causing them to develop tiny dents or pits, become discoloured and grow abnormally. Often nails can become loose and separate from your nail bed. In severe cases, your nails may crumble. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Inverse (flexural) psoriasis This affects areas of the skin that are in folds or creases, such as the armpits, groin and the skin between the buttocks and under the breasts. It can cause large, smooth red patches in some or all of these areas. Inverse psoriasis is made worse by friction and sweating, so it can be particularly uncomfortable in hot weather. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Pustular psoriasis Pustular psoriasis is a rarer type of psoriasis that causes pus-filled blisters (pustules) to appear on your skin. Different types of pustular psoriasis affect different parts arts of the body. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Cause: The cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to have a genetic component and local psoriatic changes can be triggered by an injury to the skin known as the Koebner phenomenon . Various environmental factors have been suggested as aggravating to psoriasis, including stress . withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid , as well as other environmental factors, but few have shown statistical significance. There are many treatments available, but because of its chronic recurrent nature, psoriasis is a challenge to treat. Withdrawal of corticosteroids (topical steroid cream) can aggravate the condition due to the 'rebound Effect of corticosteroids. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Cause: The cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is believed to have a genetic component and local psoriatic changes can be triggered by an injury to the skin known as the Koebner phenomenon . Various environmental factors have been suggested as aggravating to psoriasis, including stress . withdrawal of systemic corticosteroid , as well as other environmental factors, but few have shown statistical significance. There are many treatments available, but because of its chronic recurrent nature, psoriasis is a challenge to treat. Withdrawal of corticosteroids (topical steroid cream) can aggravate the condition due to the 'rebound Effect of corticosteroids. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Symptoms: The classic symptoms of psoriasis are raised, red patches of skin topped with loose, silvery scales, usually on the knees or elbows. Bright red areas of raised patches (plaques) on the skin often covered with loose, silvery scales. Plaques can occur anywhere, but commonly they occur on the knees, elbows, scalp, hands, feet, or lower back. Nearly 90% of people with psoriasis have plaque-type psoriasis. Tiny areas of bleeding when skin scales are picked or scraped off (Auspitz's sign). Mild scaling to thick, crusted plaques on the scalp. Itching, especially during sudden flare-ups or when the psoriasis patches are in body folds, such as under the breasts or buttocks. Nail disorders. Nail disorders are common, especially in severe psoriasis. Nail symptoms include: Tiny pits in the nails (not found with fungal nail infections). Yellowish discoloration of the toenails and sometimes the fingernails. Separation of the end of the nail from the nail bed. Less often, a buildup of skin debris under the nails. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Other symptoms of psoriasis may include: Similar plaques in the same area on both sides of the body (for example, both knees or both elbows). Flare-ups of many raindrop-shaped patches. Called guttate psoriasis, this condition often follows a strep infection and is the second most common type of psoriasis. It affects less than 10% of those with psoriasis. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Treating psoriasis: Most people with psoriasis can be treated by their GP. Your GP may refer you to a skin specialist (dermatologist) and their team in a hospital if your symptoms are particularly severe or did not respond well to previous treatments. There is no cure for psoriasis. However, in many cases treatment is effective and will control the condition by clearing or reducing the patches of psoriasis. Treatments are determined by the type and severity of your psoriasis and the area of skin affected. Your GP will probably start with a mild treatment, such as topical creams (which are applied to the skin), and then move on to stronger treatments if necessary. A wide range of treatments is available for psoriasis, but identifying which treatment is most effective can be difficult. Talk to your GP if you feel a treatment is not working or you have uncomfortable side effects. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Treatments fall into three categories: topical: creams and ointments that are applied to your skin phototherapy: your skin is exposed to certain types of ultraviolet light Oral and injected medication: medicine that reduces the production of your skin cells, including biological treatments that target specific parts of the immune system. www.AssignmentPoint.com

prevention: There is no way to prevent psoriasis. But the following tips may improve symptoms or help reduce the number of psoriasis flare-ups. Keep your skin moist. Avoid cold, dry climates. Cold weather may make symptoms worse. Hot, humid weather and sunlight may improve symptoms. (But hot, humid weather may make certain types of psoriasis worse.) Avoid scratching and picking skin, and avoid skin injuries (cuts or scrapes). An injury to the skin can cause psoriasis patches to form anywhere on the body, including the site of the injury. This includes injuries to your nails or nearby skin while trimming your nails. Avoid stress and anxiety. Stress may cause psoriasis to appear suddenly (flare) or can make symptoms worse, although this has not been proved in studies. www.AssignmentPoint.com

Try to avoid certain medicines Try to avoid certain medicines. Some, including beta-blockers and lithium, have been found to make psoriasis symptoms worse. When your doctor prescribes any medicines for you, tell him or her that you have psoriasis. Limit alcohol to no more than 2 drinks a day for men or 1 drink a day for women. Alcohol use can cause symptoms to flare up. Don't smoke. Smoking may make you more likely to get psoriasis and may make it more severe.2 Smoking may also make your symptoms last longer. Avoid infection. Infections such as strep throat can cause one type of psoriasis (called guttate psoriasis to appear suddenly, especially in children. www.AssignmentPoint.com