Big 5 Focus-Government #2 and #6; Society #3 The Cold War Thaws Chapter 17-Section 5 Modern World History Big 5 Focus-Government #2 and #6; Society #3

Review of Terms Capitalism Communism Democracy Totalitarianism Equality Individualism Collectivism

Review of Terms Capitalism Definition: an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state How Relates to Government: government honors free trade, does not own trade and industry (does set regulations) Countries/Leaders that supported: United States, other Western Countries that were part of NATO

Review of Terms Communism Definition: seeks to eliminate class war and leads to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs. How Relates to Government: government owns and regulates trade and industry Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and all Warsaw Pact countries including China

Review of Terms Democracy Definition: a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives How Relates to Government: government officials elected by the people for a certain amount of time Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and other Western countries part of NATO

Review of Terms Totalitarianism Definition: a political system in which the state holds total authority over the society and seeks to control all aspects of public and private life wherever possible. How Relates to Government: government is in control of all aspects regarding the people within the society Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact countries including China

Review of Terms Equality Definition: the state of being equal, especially in status, rights, and opportunities How Relates to Government: supports democracy Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and all other countries within NATO

Review of Terms Individualism Definition: a social theory favoring freedom of action for individuals over collective or state control How Relates to Government: supports democracy Countries/Leaders that supported: United States and all other countries within NATO

Review of Terms Collectivism Definition: the practice or principle of giving a group priority over each individual in it How Relates to Government: supports Communism Countries/Leaders that supported: Soviet Union and other countries within Warsaw Pact

Answer the Following… How did each of the following countries try to resist Soviet rule-HUNGARY, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, CHINA? What was the foreign policy of each of the following U.S. Presidents-JFK, Johnson, Nixon, Reagan? What was the objective of each of the following-détente, Salt I Treaty, and “Star Wars” (NOT the movie series)?

How did each country try to resist Soviet rule? HUNGARY *Hungarian army joined protesters to overthrow government *Nagy formed a new government

How did each country try to resist Soviet rule? CZECHOSLOVAKIA *Alexander Dubcek loosened controls on censorship *Suggested socialism as an option *Time known as Prague Spring-new ideas, new thoughts on how government should be run

How did each country try to resist Soviet rule? CHINA *Began to spread their own brand of communism *Tried to maintain a fragile peace after fighting broke out along their borders

What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? John F. Kennedy Threat of nuclear war with other countries a possibility Needed to keep an eye on opposing sides Cuban Missile Crisis-Soviets turned back to avoid confrontation

What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? Lyndon Johnson Committed to stopping the spread of communism Escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam War Created problems within U.S.

What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? Richard Nixon Began backing away from direct confrontation with Soviet Union Détente replaced brinkmanship (lessening of Cold War tensions) “Realistic policies”-dealing with other nations in a practical and flexible manner Still wanted to contain the spread of communism Agreed to reduce tensions with Soviet Union First to visit Communist China

What was the foreign policy of each U.S. President? Ronald Regan Took an anti-Communist stance Continued to move away from détente Increased defense spending-put economic and military pressure on Soviet Union SDI-(symbolic) program to protect U.S. against enemy missiles Change in Soviet leadership brought new policy towards U.S. and towards ending Cold War

What was the objective of each of the following? Détente Policy of lessening Cold War tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union Improve relationship between the two governments

What was the objective of each of the following? SALT I Treaty Signed by Nixon (U.S.) and Brezhnev (Soviet Union) Strategic Arms Limitation Talks Five-year agreement, limited number of intercontinental ballistic and submarine-launched missiles each country could have 33 nations joined U.S. and Soviet Union

What was the objective of each of the following? “Star Wars” Development of rockets, missiles that could travel great distances Creation of SDI First to develop technology to travel into space Move programs forward to promote own country’s agenda