Genocide, Human Rights and Intervention - Places at risk Bosnia-Herzegovina - an estimated 100,000 people were killed, 80 percent of whom were Bosnian Muslims Burma - Long considered one of the world’s most persecuted peoples, the Muslim Rohingya have no legal status in Burma and face severe discrimination, abuse, and escalating violence. Cambodia - Ethnic minorities faced particular persecution Central African Republic - What began in 2013 as political violence initiated by rebel groups opposing the government of the Central African Republic has taken on a religious dimension Dem. Rep. of Congo - Ethnic hostility, much of it echoes from the Rwandan genocide, and fed by inter-group violence, has produced an environment where groups fear their entire existence is under threat Rwanda - from April to July 1994, between 500,000 and one million Rwandans, predominantly Tutsis, were massacred when a Hutu extremist–led government launched a plan to wipe out the country’s entire Tutsi minority South Sudan - intercommunal violence continues to be widespread, due to a range of issues—the availability of weapons, ethnic tensions among armed groups, corruption, and limited economic opportunities Sudan - Arab-dominated government of Sudan, centered in the capital Khartoum, has tried to impose its control on the country’s African minorities Syria - What started as a democratic uprising has now become an overtly sectarian conflict in which civilians are targeted for atrocities based upon their religious and ethnic identity

The Genocide in Rwanda Questions to consider Find one piece of evidence that international institutions DID make a difference to this conflict Find another piece of evidence that international institutions did NOT make a difference to this conflict Find at least 2 pieces of evidence that racial identities (not national identities) play important roles as deep causes of conflict Find at least 1 piece of evidence that realism explains better than our other 2 theories

The Genocide in Rwanda Burundi / Rwanda / Oregon 10k mi2 10k mi2 100k mi2 $270 $640 $50,000

The Genocide in Rwanda Seeds of Genocide On Edge of Horror All Hell Breaks Loose Killing Continues Evil on Trial

The Genocide in Rwanda Questions to consider Evidence that international institutions DID make a difference to this conflict Evidence that international institutions did NOT make a difference to this conflict Evidence that racial identities (not national identities) play important roles as deep causes of conflict Evidence that realism explains better than our other 2 theories

Morality and intervention When is intervention appropriate? What moral obligations do we have when faced with something like the Rwanda genocide? Is it immoral to send American/UN soldiers to Rwanda to kill (and be killed by) Hutu soldiers and militias? Is it immoral to NOT send American/UN soldiers to Rwanda? What about intervening in Iraq under Saddam Hussein? The Democratic Republic of the Congo or Sudan today?

Are these similar or different? A government military commits systematic rape during war A government fails to prevent rapes known to be a systematic problem in a society during peacetime A government punishes those who do not follow certain reproductive rules A religion punishes those who do not follow certain reproductive rules A government forces young women to submit to genital mutilation Men in society force young women to submit to genital mutilation Women in society force young women to submit to genital mutilation

If you think we should do something, what should we do? Military force? Economic sanctions? Diplomacy? Social change and mobilization? Education? Bi-directional (do Westerners get educated as well as educate)? Are our minds open to change? For what problems do you use which of these?