Chapter 1: Introduction DC Medical Terminology

Word Elements (pg 3) Medical words consist of some or all of the following: Word root Combining form Suffix Prefix Combination of these elements lead to the meaning of the word.

Word Root (pg 4) Word root is the main part or foundation of the word. What is the root in the following words? Teacher, teaches, teaching Root words can be single terms or parts of words. Example: sperm vs spermicide In medical terms the root is usually an anatomical structure. Example: cardi/ac, cardiogram Usually Greek or Latin base

Combining Forms (pg 5) Combining forms are when root word combines with a vowel, usually an o, enabling two words elements to be linked. What is the combining form with: thermometer, gastroscope Can connect two words: Combine these words: Chem & therapy Dermat & logy Leuk & cyte Makes words easier to prounounce

Suffixes (pg 7) Suffix is located at the end of a word. Substitution of suffix changes the meaning of a word. In medical terminology usually indicates a procedure, condition, disease, or part of speech. Example: -er, meaning one who -it is meaning inflammation What is the difference between: dentist vs. dental

Three Rules of Word Building 1. A word root links a suffix that beings with a vowel 2. A combining form (root+o) links a suffix that begins with a constant 3. A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (Even if next root begins with a vowel.)

Practice – Rule 1 1. A word root links a suffix that beings with a vowel Word Root Suffix New Word Leuk -emia Gastr -it is Append -ectomy

Practice – Rule 1 Word Root Suffix New Word Leuk -emia Leukemia Gastr -it is Gastritis Append -ectomy appendectomy

Practice – Rule 2 2. A combining form (root+o) links a suffix that begins with a constant Word Root Suffix Medical Term Gastr -scope Men -rrhea Angi -rrhexis

Practice – Rule 2 Word Root Suffix Medical Term Gastr -scope Gasteroscope Men -rrhea Menorrhea Angi -rrhexis angiorrhexis

Practice – Rule 3 3. A combining form (root + o) links a root to another root to form a compound word. (Even if next root begins with a vowel.) Word Root Suffix Medical Term Oste Chondr -itis -oma Arthro

Practice – Rule 3 Word Root Suffix Medical Term Oste Chondr -itis osteochondritis -oma osteochondroma Arthro osteoarthritis Would you use a word root or a combining form as a link to the suffixes –algia, -edema, -uria?

Prefixes Prefix is a word element located at the beginning of a word. Substitution of a prefix changes the meaning of a word. Prefix usually indicates a number, time, position, or negation. Example: macro + cyte, micro + cyte Break down this word: Postnatal Post/nat/al After/birth/pertaining to

Defining Medical Terms (pg 14) Rules: 1. Define the suffix first 2. Define the beginning of the word 3. Define the middle of the word Example: Oste/o/arthr/it is It is=inflammation Oste=bone Arthr=joint Term means, inflammation of the bone and joint

Pronunciation Guidelines Use your CD to learn proper pronunciation of terms

Surgical Suffixes Suffix Definition -centesis Surgical puncture -clast To break -desis Binding, fixation (of a bone or joint) -ectomy Excision, removal -lysis Separation; destruction; loosening -pexy Fixation (of an organ) -plasty Surgical repair -rrhapy Suture -stomy Forming an opening (mouth) -tome Instrument to cut -tomy Incision -tripsy Crushing

Diagnostic Suffixes Suffix Definition -gram Record, writing -graph Instrument for recording -graphy Process of recording -meter Instrument for measuring -metry Act of measuring -scope Instrument for examining -scopy Visual examination

Pathological Suffixes Definition -algia, -dynia Pain -cele Hernia, swelling -ectasis Dilation, expansion -edema Swelling -emesis Vomiting -emia Blood condition -iasis Abnormal condition -it is Inflammation -lith Stone, calculus -malacia Softening -megaly Enlargement -oma Tumor -osis Abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

Pathological Suffixes cont… -pathy Disease -penia Decrease, deficiency -phobia Fear -plegia Paralysis -rrhage, -rrhagia Bursting (of) -rrhea Discharge, flow -rrhexis Rupture -stenosis Narrowing stricture -toxis Poison -trophy Nourishment, development

Plural Suffixes When you change a single word into plural you change the suffix. Complete Page 22, Section Review 1-2 by Tuesday

Common Prefixes Prefix Meaning A-, an- Without, not Circum-, peri- Around Dia-, trans- Through, across Dipl-, diplo- Double Endo-, intra- In, within Homo-, homeo- Same Hypo- Under, below, deficient Macro- Large Micro- Small mono-, uni- One Post- After, behind Pre-, pro- Before, in front of Primi- First Retro- Backward, behind Super- Upper, above