Natural Experiments and Policy Monitoring Gillian Hewitt School Health Research Network DECIPHer, Cardiff University

Student Health and Wellbeing Survey School Environment Questionnaire School Level Data on need; inform local action and evaluation Policy Relevant Data to support policy evaluation across Government departments; system level change Population Level Data on trends in health; changes in environments; health need and population planning Student Health and Wellbeing Survey School Environment Questionnaire Research Data to inform research studies; baseline data; knowledge transfer; research ready schools & infrastructure Regional Level Data to support evaluation of interventions; identification and prioritisation of need; new and emerging issues

Student Health and Wellbeing Survey School Environment Questionnaire School Level Data on need; inform local action and evaluation Policy Relevant Data to support policy evaluation across Government departments; system level change Population Level Data on trends in health; changes in environments; health need and population planning Student Health and Wellbeing Survey School Environment Questionnaire Research Data to inform research studies; baseline data; knowledge transfer; research ready schools & infrastructure Regional Level Data to support evaluation of interventions; identification and prioritisation of need; new and emerging issues

What are natural experiments? Exposure to the intervention or event is not controlled or manipulated by the researcher Change in exposure is not motivated by research purposes

How can Network data be utilized in natural experiments? Surveys provide pre- and post- legislation data on the outcome the policy seeks to change Multiple pre-legislation time points Multiple post-legislation time points

EU Tobacco Products Directive

EU Tobacco Products Directive

Impacts of e-cigarette regulation via the EU TPD on young people’s use of e-cigarettes: a natural experiment Interrupted time series analysis drawing on data from Wales, Scotland and England Primary outcome: ever use of e-cigarettes Secondary outcomes: Weekly e-cigarette use Ever smoked tobacco Weekly tobacco smoking

EU Tobacco Products Directive

Violence Against Women, Domestic Abuse and Sexual Violence (Wales) Act 2015 School Environment Questionnaire: Staff training Student Health and Wellbeing Survey: Perceptions on how school handles VAW Sexualised name calling and contact Dating and relationship violence

Percentage of children who have fewer than two healthy lifestyle behaviours (not smoking, eat fruit / vegetables daily, never / rarely drink and meet the physical activity guidelines)