1 Food Affects Life

Objectives Explain how the search for food led to the development of civilization. Use the steps of the decision-making process to make food choices. Describe how food relieves hunger and improves wellness. Outline cultural, social, and psychological influences on food choices. List factors that affect the food supply.

The History of Food Early people formed tribes to hunt together Farming and herding evolved and the food supply became more dependable As food became more available, people were able to dedicate time to other activities (some learned a craft, others became merchants) Basic trading began, and with it came the development of civilization continued

Making Choices About Foods The decision-making process is a method for thinking about possible options and outcomes before making a choice. It involves the following series of steps: 1. Identify the problem or decision 2. Consider your alternatives, the various options you might choose 3. Think about how your alternatives relate to your goals, aims you try to reach 4. Determine which alternatives are acceptable 5. Choose one alternative 6. Evaluate your decision 1. What should I do for lunch? 2. Options might include making a sandwich, reheating leftovers, or going to get fast food 3. Make healthful food choices, avoid wasting food, or to save money 4. Safely storing the leftover meet the goal to avoid wasting food. Both making a sandwich and reheating leftovers help meet the goal to save money 5. Perhaps you dont feel like preparing a sandwich so reheating leftovers is the best alternative 6. Perhaps you didnt like eating the leftovers for two days in a row, so this will make you consider your choices next time continued

Food Meets Physical Needs Food is needed to maintain vital functions (keeping your heart beating) provide energy for muscle movement (walking, sitting, and climbing) build and repair tissues *Food meets two basic needs: 1. Food eases hunger 2. Food can affect your overall state of health continued

Food Meets Physical Needs The digestive tract sends a message to your brain. Your brain receives the message and give a signal, which we recognize as hunger Food relieves hunger, the physical need for food. A hunger signal stimulates your stomach to produce hunger pangs. The hunger signal also stimulates your Appetite, which is a psychological desire to eat. continued

Food Meets Physical Needs Food improves overall wellness, which is the state of being in overall good health. The three areas of wellness: physical health (body) mental health (mind) *One sign of overall wellness is an ability to handle stress, which is mental tension caused by change social health (relationships with other people)

Cultural Influences on Food Choices One factor that affects food habits is culture, the traditions and beliefs of a racial, religious, or social group. The U.S. is a multicultural society Each culture that is part of U.S. society contributes unique customs (typical ways of behaving) and beliefs to the nation © Joe Gough/Shutterstock continued

Cultural Influences on Food Choices National origin In the U.S. immigrants often settled together based on nationality Example: Foods of Mexican and Spanish origin are found in the West and Southwest. Asian influence is seen on the Pacific Coast. Religion Certain food customs determine what and how people should eat For example, Hindus won't use cattle for food because they consider them to be sacred. Muslims only eat with their right hand. Fasting, denying oneself food, has long been a religious custom Christians fast during Lent, Jews fast on Yom Kippur, and Muslim fast from sunrise to sunset during Ramadan Holidays Holiday celebrations abound with food traditions (Heart shaped food for Valentine's Day and Hot Dogs on Independence Day) Look at map on pg. 10

Social Influences on Food Choices For many people, preparing and eating food are social activities. Examples: -Families at the dinner table -Friends together at parties -Business lunches © Elena Elisseeva/Shutterstock

Family Food choices are often a reflection of family values, items that a person or group considers important. (Ex: a family who values the environment will buy foods that have limited packaging) Many food habits are formed around family customs. {In my family it was a custom to eat dinner together every night. As an adult I continue to do this in my own home} Busy lifestyles, or the way that a person lives, limit the amount of time family members have to share meals (Work, school, and sports)

Friends You may feel peer pressure, which is influence that comes from people in a person's social group Friends may also encourage you to try new foods and preparation techniques © Jaimie Duplass/Shutterstock

Mass Media Mass media (television, radio, magazines, and the internet) can affect food choices by: advertising products using icons (Tony the tiger, the Pillsbury dough boy, and Celebrities/Athletes) reporting health and nutrition information (Today Show) fostering food fallacies, a mistaken belief and fads, practices that are very popular for a short time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lwxgucgek_Q (Today) http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-restaurant-menu-trends-0521-biz-20170519-story.html (kale)

Food Product Trends Health A consumer concern for health has fueled the trend for functional foods, are foods that provide health benefits beyond the nutrients they contain. (Yogurt containing probiotics or prebiotics) Convenience Since consumers do not have a lot of time for food preparation, convenience is a key to the success of new food products (Meal kits, heat and eat breakfasts, single serve packages) Great taste Consumers are not willing to give up taste for health or convenience that is why food manufacturers are constantly introducing new and improved flavors of foods

Psychological Influences on Food Choices The way you think and feel about foods will influence what foods you choose Odors as well as events create memories that affect food choices Psychology affects why you eat as well as what you eat Psychology even plays a role in food preparation

Factors That Affect the Food Supply Many factors affect the supply of foods available when you go to the store The factors include: -Agriculture -Environment -Government -Economics -Technology © Hannamariah /Shutterstock

Agriculture and the Environment Successful agriculture requires a suitable environment to grow crops and raise livestock (air, water, soil, mineral resources, plants and animals) Practice sustainability, refers to practices that are productive and profitable while still caring for the environment

Government Laws govern the way foods are grown, processed, packaged, and labeled The food supply in the United States is overseen primarily by: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA),enforce standards for the quality and wholesomeness of meat, poultry, and eggs. Food and Drug Administration (FDA),ensure safety and wholesomeness of all other foods (food processing plants and food shipped across state lines)

Economics The law of supply and demand effects food supply Producers will provide products as long as consumers are willing to pay for them

Technology Researchers are using technology to affect food’s nutrient content availability safety © branislavpudar/Shutterstock

Review #1-16 (Answers only)