Do Now (First 5 minutes): In your notebooks, list two forms of transportation that evolved from during the 1800s and during Industrialization (see yesterday’s notes) In your notebooks, name the three representatives who wrote the bill that gave the National Bank power to create currency and have authority over state banks. When finished with the above, finish any work that needs to be turned in from yesterday.

CHAPTER 2 The Young Republic

Section 3 Growing Division and Reform

The Resurgence of Sectionalism: The Missouri Compromise 1819 – 11 free states, 11 slave states and MISSOURI wanted to become a new SLAVE state which would UPSET the balance 1820 – MAINE is added as a FREE STATE and MISSOURI is added as a SLAVE STATE to keep the balance MISSOURI COMPROMISE – slavery could not expand past MISSOURI’S SOUTHERN BORDER into the rest of the Louisiana Territory Leaders feared that Missouri Compromise was only a TEMPORARY SOLUTION

A Disputed Election 1824 – Four Republicans run for presidency (John Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, and William Crawford) HENRY CLAY (Speaker of the House) eliminated from presidency campaign, gives his support to JOHN QUINCY ADAMS ADAMS is elected president and picks Henry Clay for his SECRETARY OF STATE, Jackson supporters accuse Adams and Clay of having a CORRUPT BARGAIN Accusers create the new DEMOCRATIC PARTY while Republicans become the NATIONAL REPUBLICAN PARTY

A New Era in Politics Many citizens gained voting rights when OWNING PROPERTY was no longer a requirement for voting rights 1828 Election – ANDREW JACKSON vs JOHN QUINCY ADAMS again, candidates utilized MUDSLINGING JACKSON wins election, seeks to make the government MORE INCLUSIVE, uses the SPOILS SYSTEM Future candidates selected by DEMOCRATIC PROCESS at a NATIONAL CONVENTION

The Nullification Crisis SOUTH CAROLINA’S economy in decline due to TARIFFS/TAXES on imported goods 1828 – New tariff on imported goods (TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS), South Carolina THREATENS TO SECEDE from the Union Vice President Calhoun creates the RIGHT OF NULLIFICATION for South Carolina President Jackson considered Nullification an ACT OF TREASON, Henry Clay defuses conflict with Congress decreasing taxes gradually

Native American Removal Jackson focused on dealing with NATIVE AMERICANS instead of the ISSUE OF SLAVERY Chief Justice John Marshall rules IN FAVOR of the Native Americans’ territorial rights in TWO SEPARATE CASES, President Jackson refuses to enforce the rulings 1838 – President Van Buren sends army to FORCIBLY REMOVE Native Americans from EAST of the Mississippi River 4,000 Native Americans die on the TRAIL OF TEARS, the nation’s honor STAINED by JACKSON and VAN BUREN

A New Party Emerges President Jackson and the DEMOCRATS opposed a POWERFUL FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, shut down the National Bank National Republican Party became THE WHIGS who wanted to EXPAND the federal government President MARTIN VAN BUREN (Democrat) succeeds Pres. Jackson in 1836, ECONOMIC CRISIS during Van Buren’s presidency, PANIC OF 1837 President WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON (Whig) succeeds Van Buren but dies 1 month into presidency, Vice President John Tyler (Democrat) succeeds Harrison President Tyler praised for WEBSTER-ASHBURTON TREATY (1842) that marked border between the UNITED STATES and CANADA

The Reform Spirit: The Second Great Awakening Protestant groups (METHODISTS, BAPTISTS, and PRESBYTERIANS) organized groups to REVIVE Americans’ faith – this became the SECOND GREAT AWAKENING JOSEPH SMITH founded the CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS (the Mormons) BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES form to SPREAD GOD’S WORD and COMBAT SOCIAL PROBLEMS

Social Reform and The Women’s Movement 1816 – States turned PRISONS into REHABILITATION PENITENTIARIES, States also open GOVERNMENT-FUNDED PUBLIC EDUCATION 1833 – The AMERICAN TEMPERANCE UNION formed to oppose the over-indulgence of ALCOHOL leading to PROHIBITION LAWS IN THE 1850s Women viewed as MORALLY SUPERIOR to men, started attending schools for women in the early 1800s LUCRETIA MOTT and ELIZABETH CADY STANTON hold Seneca Falls Convention for WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE and pass the SENECA FALLS DECLARATION

The Abolitionist Movement (Part 1) The issue of ENDING SLAVERY was the most DIVISIVE MOVEMENT for reform in the early 1800s, helped bring about CIVIL WAR QUAKERS and BAPTISTS call for a GRADUAL PROCESS to end slavery: TRADERS > NORTH > UPPER SOUTH > LOWER SOUTH The AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY helped 20,000 African Americans back to Africa, new nation of LIBERIA New momentum in 1830s – WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON calls for EMANCIPATION – immediate freeing of all enslaved people LUCRETIA MOTT and SARAH and ANGELA GRIMKE – notable women activists who supported ANTI-SLAVERY

The Abolitionist Movement (Part 2) FREDERICK DOUGLASS – Escaped slavery in MARYLAND, major supporter of abolitionist movement, wrote his own ANTI-SLAVERY NEWSPAPER (North Star) SOJOURNER TRUTH – Freed from slavery in NEW YORK, deeply religious and eloquent speaker that attracted large crowds for ANTI-SLAVERY speeches Some NORTHERNERS afraid of the abolitionist movement and its EFFECT ON THE UNITED STATES – War, Economy, Population MOST SOUTHERNERS viewed slavery as a VITAL INSTITUTION for life, the SOUTH pressured the federal government to SUPPRESS abolitionist material