Colonial America GEORGIA

Time frame for Colonial America 1607-1776 What happened in 1607? What happened in 1776?

1607 Jamestown, Virginia 1st Permanent English Settlement in N. America VIRGINIA was the 1st colony – it was saved by……… TOBACCO!!!

1776 The English Colonies declare independence from Great Britain

SSUSH2 The student will trace the ways that the economy and society of British North America developed. a. Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade. b. Describe the Middle Passage, growth of the African population, and African-American culture. c. Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism. d. Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.

Essential Question What was British North America in the 1600s and 1700s? The original 13 colonies made up British North America

What was Britain’s main economic purpose for the 13 colonies? Essential Question What was Britain’s main economic purpose for the 13 colonies?

2 Main Purposes of Colonies (for England) To supply raw materials to England To purchase goods from England

Trade between colonies and England Raw Materials Manufactured Goods 13 Colonies BRITAIN

This was part of the Triangular Trade Triangular Trade took place between Europe, Africa, and the Americas Raw goods came from the Americas Manufactured goods came from Europe Slaves were taken from Africa

Triangular Trade Manufactured Goods

SSUSH2(a) Explain the development of mercantilism and the trans-Atlantic trade. What was the Triangular Trade? What was Mercantilism?

The Triangular Trade was based on the economic theory Mercantilism Mercantilism: countries should acquire as much gold and silver as possible How? ….. by exporting more goods than it imports.

Britain’s Balance of Trade under Mercantilism Keep EXPORTS of goods HIGH England exported finished goods to the 13 colonies Keep IMPORTS of goods LOW Britain imported few finished goods, but lots of raw materials

Raw materials sent to England from the colonies

Finished goods sold back to colonies

Mercantilism makes England rich! Importing raw materials from the colonies and forcing the colonies to buy their goods made the British rich!!

European Powers adopt Mercantilism The Dutch, Spanish, French and others embraced Mercantilism This led to a land grab! Why? More land = more raw materials! = more $$$ Triangular Trade increases! 18th Century= 1700s

Britain wants to protect their valuable colonies But they also want to makes sure the 13 colonies only trade with Britain…

Navigation Acts So they pass the Navigation Acts The N.A. was a way to control colonial trade and keep the colonies dependent on Britain.

Navigation Acts would… ….prevent the colonies from buying goods from other countries and from selling raw materials to other countries.

Rules of the Navigation Acts Colonies could only sell sugar, tobacco, and cotton to England. Colonies had to pay a duty (tax). All goods had to be shipped through England Colonies could only use English ships.

But aside from the Navigation Acts….the 13 Colonies were left alone Generally, the 13 colonies ran their own affairs… This was actually beneficial to Britain

Reasons why colonies were very independent from English control Britain lacked the resources and the bureaucracy to enforce total control England’s own problems (English Civil War) English tradition of strong local government Colonies already served British interest (they were profitable $$$ and not posing a problem)

Salutary Neglect The British realized that the most salutary, or beneficial policy was to neglect (leave them alone) the colonies.

Who am I?

During his life, Benjamin Franklin was…. ….a pamphleteer, apprentice, printer, balladeer, inventor, philosopher, politician, soldier, firefighter, ambassador, family man, sage, delegate, signer, shopkeeper, bookseller, cartoonist, grandfather, anti-slavery agitator, Mason, and deist

Standard: SSUSH2 (c) Identify Benjamin Franklin as a symbol of social mobility and individualism. I AM BEN FRANKLIN!!!!

Ben Franklin represents… Individualism – improving oneself through hard work and effort (he was an entrepreneur and scientist) Social Mobility – rising up in society (became an influential politician and Founding Father)

Benjamin Franklin Born in 1702 in Boston At age 12 he became an apprentice to one of his brothers who was a printer. At age 17, Franklin ran away to Philadelphia to start a life of his own Started his own printing business and published Poor Richard’s Almanac

Weather Calendars Advice Wise Sayings “Time is Money”

Ben Franklin He believed that through hard work and clean living, a person from a humble background could prosper.

Helped to edit and signed the Declaration of Independence

Spent much time in France as an ambassador, where he was adored

Considered a “Founding Father”

Inventor Lighting Rod Bifocals Odometer

SSUSH2(d) Explain the significance of the Great Awakening.

What was the Great Awakening? It was a widespread evangelical revival movement of the 1730s to 1750s. Ministers said the people would feel God’s love only if they admitted their sins and were born again. Each believer should seek his or her own personal and emotional relationship with God The Bible is the ultimate authority for how to live

Great Awakening continued… Strong faith, repentance of sins, and a personal relationship with God was the most important thing Itinerant (traveling) preachers traveled the country preaching this to anyone who would listen. Christianity grew ---but established churches lost members to the new way of Christian worship.

Results of the Great Awakening Unified 4/5ths of Americans in a common understanding of the Christian faith and life. Americans--North and South--shared a common evangelical view of life. Baptists, Methodists, and Presbyterians--all non-established groups--took root and grew. Ministers had less control the direction of religious life. It had been democratized and made accessible by people.

Slavery in the colonies REMEMBER 1619? 1619 - The first Africans brought to Jamestown, Virginia on a Dutch ship

African Americans in the 13 Colonies Some were indentured servants Some were free Most were enslaved and most lived in the Middle colonies and Southern Colonies

Demand for labor grows = increased slavery

Estimated African American Population, 1690-1750 YEAR New England Middle Southern 1690 950 2,472 13,307 1710 2,585 6,218 36,063 1720 3,956 10,825 54,058 1750 10,982 20,736 204,702

Virginia Slave Codes (1705) "All servants imported and brought into the Country...who were not Christians in their native Country...shall be accounted and be slaves."

Virginia Slave Codes (1705) “All Negro, mulatto and Indian slaves within this dominion...shall be held to be real estate. If any slave resist his master...correcting such slave, and shall happen to be killed in such correction...the master shall be free of all punishment...as if such accident never happened”

African Americans in the Colonies In America, slaves attempted to “make the best” of their lives while living under the worst of circumstances. Slave communities were rich with music, dance, basket-weaving, and pottery-making. Enslaved Africans brought with them the arts and crafts skills of their various tribes. There could be a hundred slaves working on one farm and each slave might come from a different tribe and a different part of Africa.

Olaudah Equiano Born in West Africa around 1745 Kidnapped by a rival group and sold into slavery.

Equiano He received an education Bought his freedom in Virginia and migrated to Great Britain He wrote an autobiography, or story about his life

Equiano’s autobiography - 1789

Equiano’s Autobiography One of the earliest firsthand written accounts of the dreadful Middle Passage. Equiano became a major part of the abolitionist movement in England.

Middle Passage The horrible sea voyage that carried Africans to North America Why “Middle Passage”? Because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade

Manufactured Goods MIDDLE PASSAGE

Middle Passage= middle part of the Triangular Trade First, British ships loaded with rum, cloth, and other English goods sailed to Africa, where they were traded for Africans originally enslaved by other Africans. Then, in the Middle Passage, the slaves would be transported to the New World. The crew would buy tobacco and other American goods from profits they made by selling the slaves in the colonies and ship the tobacco and goods back to Britain. This process was repeated for decades.

Middle Passage Slave Ship

Middle Passage slave ships It was said that people in the colonial port cities could smell the slave ships arriving before they could see them. The slaves were packed like bundles of firewood. About two of every ten slaves died during the passage.