Effects of the Civil War: RECONSTRUCTION

End Agreement of the War Slaves were freed as Union troops entered areas Appomattox Court House Lee surrenders to Grant April 9th 1865. All Other Confederate generals agreed to similar terms in surrender Reunite the Country and completely end slavery via Reconstruction

White Board What was the political party of Lincoln?

Presidential Reconstruction Plan Lincoln Andrew Johnson Restoration Plan 1865 Southerners full rights Governors appointed in Southern States to set up constitution Only loyal white southerners could vote Opposed allowing all Blacks right to vote Accept South back to Union States form New Gov if they abolish Slavery Southerners Who support union to lead All Blacks educated would get the right to vote

Congressional Reconstruction Plan Punish Slaveholders Congress should lead Reconstruction Blacks needed support Freedman’s Bureau Establish Schools Land and the vote Passage of the 14th and 15th Amend

White Board Which plan was the most liberal?

Reconstruction 1863-1877 Divided the 11 confederate states into 5 military districts Military commanders can register voters and hold elections Write new state constitutions which included suffrage Ratify 14th amendment Abolish peonage( paying debt in labor) Program to reintegrate 11 confed states in the US with a citizen Black population

White Board and then discuss Which plan would have had the best results. Justify your Response.

Reconstruction affected political, social, cultural, and economics of the US

Political Repercussions Republicans Control the South Supremacy of the federal government over States Blacks were given right to vote Majority in- voted Republican(Only majority 3 states) Former confederate leaders could not run for office (Carpet Baggers)- Northerners in South who gained political power (rep)

Thirteenth Amendment Standing in the way of full emancipation was the U.S. Constitution Process was started on passing an amendment (passed after Lincoln’s death) Simply stated: “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.”

Reconstruction Amendments 1865 13th-Ended Slavery 1866 14th- All people born in US Citizens Deny former confederate officials right hold office 1869 15th- Prohibit denial of suffrage based on race, color, or from being former slave

How did the War and reconstruction change society? Casualties 620K men died $15 billion in war costs & damaged property Destroyed slavery and southern economy More died of diseases Southern Whites Southern White male 18 % population(13- 45) died Remained angry with reconstruction and elevation of Blacks Created a sense of White Unity against Blacks

Post war Economies Southern lost massive amounts of wealth Prosperous farm land was destroyed Wealthy Plantation Owners lost wealth when Slaves (property of Value)became free Cotton becomes King Again Share Cropping- 2/3 were Black 1/3 poor Whites North massive economic Industrial Boom. Industrial Revolution fueled by European immigrants and Migrant Southern Blacks Massive source of cheap labor

Discuss short term and long term affects of the Black Codes and Jim Crow Laws.

The Reconstruction Backlash angry Southern Whites Black Codes-laws passed in south 1865-1866restricting Blacks freedom. Forced them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. Refusal of Seeing blacks as equals Formed KKK 1866 Former Confederate troops attack Blacks and Liberal Republicans Scared Blacks to not vote or demand rights Force the Federal Gov to send More troops regain order

Post Reconstructions Federal support for reconstruction Ended Troops pulled out 1877 under President Hayes Southern whites regain political and Economic Control Jim Crow Laws- local and state laws segregation and inequality of Blacks and whites Blacks were denied basic rights South stayed deeply divided and unequal until civil rights movement of the 1960’s

White Board Make a list of 3 pros and 3 cons of Reconstruction.

Reconstruction Pros America was United All southern states drafted new constitutions ratified the amendments 13-15 Civil Rights act of 1866- all born are equal citizens Civil War and Reconstruction settled the states’ rights vs. federalism debate As one historian noted, the United States before the Civil War were a country, but the United States after the war was a nation. Civil Rights Act 1875-end discrimination in social and in public places (not followed)

Failures of Reconstruction swift changes in political power in the South rendered most of the legislation passed useless Removal of federal troops allow Confed and slave owners to regain power return to the policy of the old South Southern politicians passed black codes voter qualifications laws (poll tax, reading test) Sharecropping system to thrived Keeping the poor indebted to land owner northerners tired of Reconstruction lost interest in supporting black civil rights black civil liberties and racial equality set aside to put the Union back together